The Narrowest Part of the Bony Nasolacrimal Canal

Takahashi, Yasuhiro; Nakamura, Yasuhisa; Nakano, Takashi; Asamoto, Ken; Iwaki, Masaya; Selva, Dinesh; Leibovitch, Igal; Kakizaki, Hirohiko

doi:10.1097/iop.0b013e31828de0b0

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The measurements of the NLD bone in our study are smaller than reported in the literature in several populations, such as Asians and Africans (Saxena; Janssen et al; Shigeta et al;McCormick & Sloan;Fasina & Ogbole;Takahashi et al, 2011Takahashi et al, , 2013Yong et al) that showed greater diameters than those found in our population (Table III). Our study in Mexican population reports values that tend to be smaller than those of other populations, so we believe that there are differences in the NLD between ethnic groups (Table III), which could explain differences between countries in prevalence of lower nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Several authors show length differences of the bone entrance of the NLD that might be related to ethnic or methodological differences (Table III) Takahashi et al, 2011Takahashi et al, , 2013Yong et al).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The greatest incidence of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is in women (50-83 %) greater than 50 years of age (Woog). PANDO and to a lesser degree secondary obstruction, have been associated with variations of morphometric characteristics of the fossa for lacrimal gland (LF) and the bony entrance to the NLD, which are determined by the patient's age, gender, and race (Groessl et al, 1997;Janssen et al, 2001;Shigeta et al, 2007;Takahashi et al, 2011Takahashi et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in the diameter of the NLD have been studied in bone specimens and by computerized tomography (CT) (Saxena, 1984;Groessl et al;Janssen et al;Shigeta et al;McCormick & Sloan, 2009;Fasina & Ogbole, 2013;Ramey et al, 2013;Takahashi et al, 2011Takahashi et al, , 2013Yong et al, 2014) Obstruction of the NLD can occur anywhere in its trajectory; however, previous studies with dacryocystography and dacryoendoscopy have determined that in two thirds of patients, the most common site of obstruction is the entrance to its bony portion (62-73 %), and this is not always considered in CT studies (Sasaki et al, 2005;Francisco et al, 2007). The morphology of the entrance to the NLD varies among individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Age Morphometric Variations in Bony Nasolacrimal Duct and Fossa for Lacrimal Gland in Mexican Population

et al. 2018

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SUMMARY:Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction is greater in women over 40 years and has been associated with morphometric variations in the osseous nasolacrimal duct, which varies according to age and sex. The objective is to determine variations regarding sex and age of the nasolacrimal duct and osseous fossa for lacrimal gland. One hundred sixteen dry orbits from Mexican population were analyzed; subdivided into four groups based on age and sex. The length, transverse and anteroposterior diameters of the bone entrance of the nasolacrimal duct, and the length and width of the fossa for lacrimal gland were determined. Statistical tests were applied to determine the significance of the differences found between groups. The nasolacrimal duct in women had shorter length than men in both age groups. The entrance had a wider transverse diameter in women than men independently of age and its anteroposterior diameter was shorter in men under 40 years than over 40 years. The fossa for lacrimal gland was larger in women under 40 years than in men of same age group and women over 40 years old. The lower third of the was wider in women under 40 years than in women over 40 years. Our study confirms significant differences between sex and age groups in some of the morphometric measurements of bony nasolacrimal duct and fossa for lacrimal gland in Mexican population. Comparative studies with and without clinical illness are needed to clarify if the bony characteristics of those structures participate in the etiopathogenesis and distribution differences observed in sex, age and ethnicity of thisillness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex and Age Morphometric Variations in Bony Nasolacrimal Duct and Fossa for Lacrimal Gland in Mexican Population

et al. 2018

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“…The average distance of the point with narrowest caliber from the superior opening was 3.33 ± 1.48 mm (0.0-7.16 mm) and, in only one case, it was at the superior opening of the canal, while in Japanese cadavers, in 32 of 44 canals (72.7%) it was at the entrance to the canal and, in the rest, it was located at an average of 3.6 mm from the entrance. 12 Groell et al 17 reported it to be located in the middle or upper part of the canal, while Groessl et al 18 showed that the narrowest point was located 3 mm inferior to the canal entrance. All these are comparable with our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers

Gupta¹,

Sahni²,

Goyal³

2014

An International Journal Clinical Rhinology

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Background: Surgical importance of the nasolacrimal duct (NLD) for both otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists cannot be overemphasized. Injury to this structure can lead to iatrogenic epiphora, synechiae formation and need for secondary lacrimal diversion procedures. Materials and methods:The present study was conducted on 27 mid-sagittal sections of head and neck of formalin fixed adult cadavers. The inferior opening of the NLD was identified and exposed. The duct and the lacrimal sac were dissected. Pertinent distances of the inferior opening of the NLD from the easily identifiable surgical landmarks were recorded, so as to accurately locate the inferior opening of the duct using a digital vernier calliper (accuracy 0.02 mm, Mitutoya, Japan). Various dimensions and angulation of the duct and lacrimal sac were measured. Results:The average length of NLD was 11.42 ± 2.45 mm and it was making an angle of 20° with the vertical plane. The duct was narrowest in caliber in its upper 1/3rd in majority (82%) of the cases. The average diameter of the inferior opening of the NLD was 3.14 mm. In two cases (7.4%), the opening was only 1.8 mm wide. The mean distance of the inferior opening of the duct was 20.7 mm from the columella, 25.5 mm below the skull base and 16.5 mm above the hard palate. The average distance between the inferior opening of the NLD and anterior end of the inferior turbinate was 14.8 mm. The mean A-P diameter of superior opening of NLD was about 3 mm. The average length and width of nasolacrimal sac at its center was 6.95 and 3.24 mm respectively. Conclusion:Detailed anatomical knowledge of the NLD is of great importance for safe and successful endonasal surgery. The present study attempts to provide useful surgical guidelines by using anatomic and positional relationships between the NLD and the major surrounding landmarks.

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Anatomic relationship of nasolacrimal duct and major lateral wall landmarks: cadaveric study with surgical implications

Ali

Nayak

Vaezeafshar

et al. 2014

Int Forum Allergy Rhinol

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This study provides useful anatomic and positional relationships between the NLD and major lateral wall landmarks. Although the maxillary line and the head of the middle turbinate are often considered useful guides to the position of the ipsilateral NLD, their spatial relationship to the NLD is not consistent. These landmarks, therefore, cannot be solely relied upon during surgery to avoid injury to the NLD.

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The Narrowest Part of the Bony Nasolacrimal Canal

Abstract: The shortest anteroposterior and transverse diameters were at the entrance of the canal in most of the bony nasolacrimal canals. These results are comparable with the rate of obstruction at the canal entrance in primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Sex and Age Morphometric Variations in Bony Nasolacrimal Duct and Fossa for Lacrimal Gland in Mexican Population

Sex and Age Morphometric Variations in Bony Nasolacrimal Duct and Fossa for Lacrimal Gland in Mexican Population

Surgical Anatomy of Nasolacrimal Duct and Sac in Human Cadavers

Anatomic relationship of nasolacrimal duct and major lateral wall landmarks: cadaveric study with surgical implications

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