The national costs of supported employment to Vocational Rehabilitation: 2002 to 2006

Cimera, Robert Evert

doi:10.3233/jvr-2009-0448

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For example, unlike previous studies that assumed that all employers of supported employees would claim TJTCs, this study estimated that only 75% of the employers would generate this cost to taxpayers. Given that recent research has suggested relatively few employers receive these tax credits (Cimera, 2009), the percentage used here is relatively conservative. Specifically, had this study estimated that only half of the employers received tax credits, the final benefit-cost ratio for all supported employees would have been 1.61 rather than 1.46 as reported here.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, because economic outcomes, such as wages earned and subsidies received, vary considerably from supported employee to supported employee (Cimera, 2009;Kregel et al, 1989;Lam, 1986), large sample sizes are required in order for cost-efficiency research to be representative of the entire population being served by supported employment. Unfortunately, many of the costefficiency studies currently available in the literature have sample sizes of less than 500 participants (cf.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…aIn 2002In , 2003In , 2004In , 2005, and 27 individuals, respectively, had missing ethnicity data. Further, individuals could identify themselves as having multiple ethnic backgrounds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Supported Employment's Cost-Efficiency to Taxpayers: 2002 to 2007

Cimera

2009

Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities

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This study explored the cost-efficiency of all 231,204 supported employees funded by vocational rehabilitation throughout the entire United States from 2002 to 2007. Results found that supported employees returned an average monthly net benefit to taxpayers of $251.34 (i.e., an annual net benefit of $3,016.08 per supported employee) and generated a benefit–cost ratio of 1.46. Further, economic returns of supported employees were investigated across nine disabling conditions. Even individuals with the least cost-efficient disability (i.e., traumatic brain injuries) returned to taxpayers a monthly net benefit of $111.62. Finally, this study determined that supported employees with multiple conditions were as cost-efficient as individuals with only one disability (i.e., benefit–cost ratios of 1.49 versus 1.46, respectively).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Supported Employment's Cost-Efficiency to Taxpayers: 2002 to 2007

Cimera

2009

Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities

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“…To put these findings in a familiar context, in FY 2006 Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) spent $189,245,184 on supported employees nationally (Cimera, 2009b). According to Braddock, Hemp, and Rizzolo (2008), $708,872,399 additional non-VR dollars were spent on supported employment in the same year for a total fiscal outlay of nearly $900 million.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stated another way, Cimera (2009b) found that VR spent an average of $4,688 per supported employee in FY 2006. If all supported employees had the same returns on investment averaged by the community-based cohort presented in this study, an extra 139,931 individuals with disabilities could have been served by VR with only the resulting monetary benefits to taxpayers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Community-Based High School Transition Programs Improve the Cost-Efficiency of Supported Employment?

Cimera

2009

Career Development for Exceptional Individuals

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This study investigates the potential impact that community-based, high school transition programs have on the costefficiency of individuals with disabilities when they become adults. Outcomes achieved by 246 supported employees were compared. Results indicated that supported employees who participated in community-based transition programs in high school were more cost-efficient from the taxpayers' perspective than were individuals who received only in-school transition services or received no transition services at all. Supported employees who received community-based transition services also kept their jobs in the community significantly longer than did individuals from the comparison groups.

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Maximizing disability diversity, language diversity, and productivity: A study in apparel manufacturing

Zhang,

Narayanan,

Soun

et al. 2023

Production and Operations Management

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The UN Sustainable Development Goals have recently emphasized the importance of diversity inclusion. Motivated by this goal, we examine the impact of employing individuals with disabilities in apparel manufacturing cells on overall team productivity. We formulate a series of deterministic and stochastic productivity maximization assignment problems to study the impact of disability inclusion on a production line. We extend the baseline productivity maximization formulation to study a multi‐objective problem that simultaneously maximizes productivity, disability diversity, and language diversity. Each analysis is performed across two different garments drawn from a real‐world setting. The models are tested using archival time study data collected in partnership with an apparel manufacturing firm where more than 75% of the billed work hours are from individuals with significant disabilities. The following insights emerge from the analyses. First, the productivity of teams which have individuals across multiple, different types of disabilities is higher than the productivity of teams with employees who share a single, specific type of disability. Second, teams that employ both individuals with and without disabilities perform slightly better than teams that consist of only individuals with disabilities. In some instances, contrary to intuition, teams of only individuals with disabilities even have higher productivity than teams of only individuals with no disabilities. Finally, our results from the multi‐objective problem that simultaneously maximizes productivity, disability diversity, and language diversity suggest that productivity is not generally sensitive to increases in disability diversity. However, productivity is sensitive at extreme levels of disability diversity and language diversity. Limitations and possible future extensions of the study are discussed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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The national costs of supported employment to Vocational Rehabilitation: 2002 to 2006

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Supported Employment's Cost-Efficiency to Taxpayers: 2002 to 2007

Supported Employment's Cost-Efficiency to Taxpayers: 2002 to 2007

Can Community-Based High School Transition Programs Improve the Cost-Efficiency of Supported Employment?

Maximizing disability diversity, language diversity, and productivity: A study in apparel manufacturing

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