The National Museums of Scotland Saqqara Survey Project 1993–1995

Mathieson, Ian; Bettles, Elizabeth; Clarke, Joanne; Duhig, Corinne; Ikram, Salima; Maguire, Louise C.; Quie, Sarah; Tavares, Ana

doi:10.1177/030751339708300103

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…None of 73 Bedouin skeletons (200 BC) from Tel Sheva, Israel, demonstrated DDH [419]. In 24 skeletons from Gisr el-Mudir, Saqqara, Egypt during the 2nd Dynasty (2890–2650 BC), there was one case of DDH [421]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology and Demographics of Hip Dysplasia

2011

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The etiology of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is unknown. There are many insights, however, from epidemiologic/demographic information. A systematic medical literature review regarding DDH was performed. There is a predominance of left-sided (64.0%) and unilateral disease (63.4%). The incidence per 1000 live births ranges from 0.06 in Africans in Africa to 76.1 in Native Americans. There is significant variability in incidence within each racial group by geographic location. The incidence of clinical neonatal hip instability at birth ranges from 0.4 in Africans to 61.7 in Polish Caucasians. Predictors of DDH are breech presentation, positive family history, and gender (female). Children born premature, with low birth weights, or to multifetal pregnancies are somewhat protected from DDH. Certain HLA A, B, and D types demonstrate an increase in DDH. Chromosome 17q21 is strongly associated with DDH. Ligamentous laxity and abnormalities in collagen metabolism, estrogen metabolism, and pregnancy-associated pelvic instability are well-described associations with DDH. Many studies demonstrate an increase of DDH in the winter, both in the northern and southern hemispheres. Swaddling is strongly associated with DDH. Amniocentesis, premature labor, and massive radiation exposure may increase the risk of DDH. Associated conditions are congenital muscular torticollis and congenital foot deformities. The opposite hip is frequently abnormal when using rigorous radiographic assessments. The role of acetabular dysplasia and adult hip osteoarthritis is complex. Archeological studies demonstrate that the epidemiology of DDH may be changing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemiology and Demographics of Hip Dysplasia

2011

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“…At Tell Tebilla, the magnetometry survey showed the outline of a complex ( Figure 5), later found by excavators to be the remains of a structure reused as a tomb, preserved over In Luxor, L. Pavlish has carried out magnetic surveys over the remains of a mortuary temple equated with Amenhotep I, showing the outlines of this temple complex and related buildings. At Saqqara, I. Mathieson has revealed the outlines of an ancient settlement and nearby road [24]. At Abydos T. Herbich has found many potential Early Dynastic tombs and related enclosures [25].…”

Section: An Overview Of Ground-based Remote Sensing In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Open Access Satellite Data Alongside Ground Based Remote Sensing: An Assessment, with Case Studies from Egypt’s Delta

Parcak

Mumford

2017

Geosciences

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This paper will assess the most recently available open access high-resolution optical satellite data (0.3 m-0.6 m) and its detection of buried ancient features versus ground based remote sensing tools. It also discusses the importance of CORONA satellite data to evaluate landscape changes over the past 50 years surrounding sites. The study concentrates on Egypt's Nile Delta, which is threatened by rising sea and water tables and urbanization. Many ancient coastal sites will be lost in the next few decades, thus this paper emphasizes the need to map them before they disappear. It shows that high resolution satellites can sometimes provide the same general picture on ancient sites in the Egyptian Nile Delta as ground based remote sensing, with relatively sandier sedimentary and degrading tell environments, during periods of rainfall, and higher groundwater conditions. Research results also suggest potential solutions for rapid mapping of threatened Delta sites, and urge a collaborative global effort to maps them before they disappear.

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On the possible use of hydraulic force to assist with building the step pyramid of saqqara

Landreau,

Piton,

Morin

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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The Step Pyramid of Djoser in Saqqara, Egypt, is considered the oldest of the seven monumental pyramids built about 4,500 years ago. From transdisciplinary analysis, it was discovered that a hydraulic lift may have been used to build the pyramid. Based on our mapping of the nearby watersheds, we show that one of the unexplained massive Saqqara structures, the Gisr el-Mudir enclosure, has the features of a check dam with the intent to trap sediment and water. The topography beyond the dam suggests a possible ephemeral lake west of the Djoser complex and water flow inside the ’Dry Moat’ surrounding it. In the southern section of the moat, we show that the monumental linear rock-cut structure consisting of successive, deep compartments combines the technical requirements of a water treatment facility: a settling basin, a retention basin, and a purification system. Together, the Gisr el-Mudir and the Dry Moat’s inner south section work as a unified hydraulic system that improves water quality and regulates flow for practical purposes and human needs. Finally, we identified that the Step Pyramid’s internal architecture is consistent with a hydraulic elevation mechanism never reported before. The ancient architects may have raised the stones from the pyramid centre in a volcano fashion using the sediment-free water from the Dry Moat’s south section. Ancient Egyptians are famous for their pioneering and mastery of hydraulics through canals for irrigation purposes and barges to transport huge stones. This work opens a new line of research: the use of hydraulic force to erect the massive structures built by Pharaohs.

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The National Museums of Scotland Saqqara Survey Project 1993–1995

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

The Epidemiology and Demographics of Hip Dysplasia

The Epidemiology and Demographics of Hip Dysplasia

Using Open Access Satellite Data Alongside Ground Based Remote Sensing: An Assessment, with Case Studies from Egypt’s Delta

On the possible use of hydraulic force to assist with building the step pyramid of saqqara

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