The natural origins of cytostatic compounds used in rhabdomyosarcoma therapy

Abstract

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and represents a highgrade neoplasm of skeletal myoblast-like cells. About 40% of all registered soft tissue tumors are RMSs. This paper describes our current understanding of the RMS subtypes (alveolar (ARMS), embryonic (ERMS), pleomorphic (PRMS), and spindle cell/sclerosing (s/scRMS)), diagnostic methods, molecular bases, and characteristics. We also present the currently used treatment methods and the potential use of natural substances in the treatment of this type of cancer. Natural cytotoxic substances are compounds that have been the subject of numerous studies and discussions in recent years. Since anti-cancer therapies are often limited by a low therapeutic index and cancer resistance to pharmacotherapy, it is very important to search for new, effective compounds. Additionally, compounds of a natural origin are usually readily available and have a reduced cytotoxicity. Thus, the undiscovered potential of natural anti-cancer compounds makes this field of research a very important area. The introduction of model species into research examining the use of natural cytostatic therapies for RMS will allow for further assessment of the effects of these compounds on cancerous and healthy tissues.

Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Challenge of Tumor Differentiation and Chemotherapy Response

“…Due to its high tendency to metastasize, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is considered an invasive subtype largely found at the extremities of adolescents [ 9 ]. Its name is derived from its histological features, as it exhibits a fibrovascular septum of connective tissue with neoplastic cells attached, vaguely reminiscent of the alveolar spaces in the lungs [ 2 , 10 ]. The cells themselves can be characterized as uniformly polygonal with an oval/round nucleus that is hyperchromatic [ 2 , 11 ].…”