The Nature and Extent of Childhood Exposure to Violence: What We Know, Why We Don't Know More, and Why It Matters

Kracke, Kristen; Hahn, Hilary

doi:10.1080/10926790801982394

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Two-way, between group analyses of variance were used to investigate interaction effects between gender and age respectively (younger 7-10 and older [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and various other background factors pertaining to children's self-reported symptoms. Partial eta squared was (g p 2 ) then used to estimate effect sizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The internal consistency for the present sample was acceptable (.75). To create a reference group for the children in this study, results from another Swedish study [48] that included 243 non-clinical children (aged [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] was used. In this Swedish study, the mean value on the SDQ-C total score was 7.9 (SD 4.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alcohol abuse) were considered more significant, mothers and children were referred to other authorities or treatments and therefore were not included in the study. A total of 159 children (ages [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] were considered for treatment during the research period, and 112 children were accepted for treatment. Of the children who were accepted, 78 also agreed to participate in the research project and 41 of them were between 7 and 19 years old.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Approximately 40% of the children exposed to IPV show no symptoms, while 60% display a variety of psychiatric symptoms, ranging from mild to severe [25]. Associations between IPV and social problems as well as externalizing and internalizing symptoms have been demonstrated [1,16]. Exposed children have difficulty understanding and interpreting social situations and they display impaired conflict resolutions [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children exposed to IPV also risk subjection to direct violence. Research indicates an overlap of approximately 40% between abuse/neglect and exposure to IPV [16]. Experiencing a single trauma is also considered quite different from repeated exposure to an extreme course of events and its subsequent dysfunction in more domains [12,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Dissimilarity in Vulnerability: Self-Reported Symptoms Among Children with Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Georgsson

Almqvist

Broberg

2011

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Children with experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV) are at risk. Not all children, however, display symptoms, and differences connected to gender and age have been demonstrated. In this exploratory study, children's own reports of symptoms were used. The 41 recruited children, between 7 and 19 years old, were entered into a group program specially directed toward children with experiences of IPV. These children reported experiencing more symptoms overall when compared with non-exposed children. The relationship to the abuser and children's symptoms related differently for boys and for girls. Girls who had continued contact with the abusive father described more mental health problems than did other girls exposed to IPV and more than did boys with continued contact. Among children with experiences of custody disputes or other judicial processes, age rather than gender was connected to differences in self-reported symptoms. Younger children with experiences of judicial processes reported more mental health problems than did those with no experience.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Dissimilarity in Vulnerability: Self-Reported Symptoms Among Children with Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Georgsson

Almqvist

Broberg

2011

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Early Head Start Families’ Experiences With Stress: Understanding Variations Within a High‐risk, Low‐income Sample

Hustedt

Bargreen

et al. 2017

Infant Mental Health Journal

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The federal Early Head Start program provides a relevant context to examine families' experiences with stress since participants qualify on the basis of poverty and risk. Building on previous research that has shown variations in demographic and economic risks even among qualifying families, we examined possible variations in families' perceptions of stress. Family, parent, and child data were collected to measure stressors and risk across a variety of domains in families' everyday lives, primarily from self-report measures, but also including assay results from child cortisol samples. A cluster analysis was employed to examine potential differences among groups of Early Head Start families. Results showed that there were three distinct subgroups of families, with some families perceiving that they experienced very high levels of stress while others perceived much lower levels of stress despite also experiencing poverty and heightened risk. These findings have important implications in that they provide an initial step toward distinguishing differences in low-income families' experiences with stress, thereby informing interventions focused on promoting responsive caregiving as a possible mechanism to buffer the effects of family and social stressors on young children.

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Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Understanding Moderating Factors

Aiyer

Heinze

Miller

et al. 2014

J Youth Adolescence

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Previous research on the association between violence and biological stress regulation has been largely cross-sectional, and has also focused on childhood. Using longitudinal data from a low-income, high-risk, predominantly African-American sample (n = 266; 57 % female), we tested hypotheses about the influence of cumulative exposure to violence during adolescence and early adulthood on cortisol responses in early adulthood. We found that cumulative exposure to violence predicted an attenuated cortisol response. Further, we tested whether sex, mothers’ support, or fathers’ support moderated the effect of exposure to violence on cortisol responses. We found that the effect of cumulative exposure to violence on cortisol was modified by sex; specifically, males exposed to violence exhibited a more attenuated response pattern. In addition, the effect of cumulative exposure to violence on cortisol was moderated by the presence of fathers’ support during adolescence. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how cumulative exposure to violence influences biological outcomes, emphasizing the need to understand sex and parental support as moderators of risk.

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The Nature and Extent of Childhood Exposure to Violence: What We Know, Why We Don't Know More, and Why It Matters

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

Dissimilarity in Vulnerability: Self-Reported Symptoms Among Children with Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Dissimilarity in Vulnerability: Self-Reported Symptoms Among Children with Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence

Early Head Start Families’ Experiences With Stress: Understanding Variations Within a High‐risk, Low‐income Sample

Exposure to Violence Predicting Cortisol Response During Adolescence and Early Adulthood: Understanding Moderating Factors

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