The Nature and Genesis of Mood States: A Theoretical Model With Experimental Measurements Concerning Anxiety, Depression, Arousal, and Other Mood States

Cattell, Raymond B.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-657401-2.50013-7

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The 8SQ has the advantage over the Thayer (1967) self-report scales of measuring state factors clearly distinguished from trait and traitchange factors (Cattell, 1973). Since both the arousal and anxiety states measured by the 8SQ are associated with physiological indications of arousal such as high pulse rate and low skin conductance (see Mefferd, 1966;Cattell, 1972), the activation index was constructed by adding (standardized) arousal and anxiety scale scores. This index is best considered as a measure of overall arousal, correlated with cortical arousal and affected by more than one arousal system.…”

Section: Extraversion Arousal and Intelligence 485mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of extraversion and arousal on intelligence test performance

Matthews

1985

British J of Psychology

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Theories of the extraversion personality trait predict interactive effects of extraversion and arousal on performance from the Yerkes-Dodson law, though the relationship between extraversion and arousal has been variously described as linear and negative, or dependent upon the level of arousing influences ('arousal potential'), or dependent upon time of day. The experiment reported here tested both the general utility of the arousal theory approach and specific theories of the extraversion-arousal relationship by investigating effects of two different arousal manipulations (complex noise and time of day) on intelligence test performance. Arousal was also directly measured by questionnaire. Consistent with previous research on self-report arousal, extraversion and questionnaire 'activation' appeared to be independent. However, a significant interactive effect on performance was found, such that extraverts tended to perform relatively better under high activation at midday than did introverts, but introverts performed relatively better under high activation in the evening. These data suggest that arousal theory does not explain adequately the observed interactive effect on complex cognitive task performance. Thus the Yerkes-Dodson law is not of central importance for theories of the effects of extraversion on performance. Arousal and performance: The role of the Yerkes-Dodson lawResearch into the effects of extraversion and arousal on task performance has reached an important decision point. The dominant theoretical framework to date has been arousal theory (e.g. Duffy, 1957). The Yerkes-Dodson law (Yerkes & Dodson, 1908) states that the relationship between arousal and performance approximates to an inverted U (such that the optimum level of arousal is inversely related to task difficulty). Effects of extraversion on task performance can then be predicted by specifying the relationship between extraversion and arousal. However, the arousal theory approach has been widely criticized 17 P S Y 76 480 Gerald Matthews

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Section: Extraversion Arousal and Intelligence 485mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of extraversion and arousal on intelligence test performance

Matthews

1985

British J of Psychology

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“…In general, arousal refers to the degree of physiological activation and responsiveness triggered by an event, object, or situation, during a (De Lecea, Carter, & Adamantidis, 2012;Juvina, Larue, & Hough, 2017). Arousal, however, is a complex physiological response manifested in a variety of bodily systems (e.g., the cardiovascular, electrodermal, muscular, hormonal, and immune systems) (Cattell, 1972;Schwartz, Collura, Kamiya, & Schwartz, 2017), which do not necessarily show similar patterns (Lacey, 1967). Accordingly, different types of arousal have been recognized in the literature (e.g., sympathetic, electrocortical) (Frijda, 1986).…”

Section: Introduction and Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sympathetic arousal commonalities and arousal contagion during collaborative learning: How attuned are triad members?

Pijeira‐Díaz

Drachsler

Järvelä

et al. 2019

Computers in Human Behavior

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This article explores the dynamics of collaborative learning in the classroom from the perspective of the commonalities and interdependence in the degree of physiological activation from the sympathetic nervous system (i.e., sympathetic arousal) of group members. Using Empatica E4 wristbands, electrodermal activity to derive arousal was measured in 24 high school students working in groups of three (i.e., triads) during two runs of an advanced physics course. The participants met three times a week over six weeks for lessons of 75 min each. Most of the time (60 95% of the lesson) the triad members were at different arousal levels, and, when they were on the same level, it was mainly the low arousal (or deactivated) level. Less than 4% of the time were the triad members simultaneously in high arousal. Possible within-triad arousal contagion cases (71.3%) occurred mostly on a one-to-one basis and with a latency from within a few seconds up to ten min, but usually within one min. This study supports the view that only small parts of group work are collaborative, as far as the synchronicity and coordination which collaboration presupposes. Although exploratory, results also illustrate the affordances of physiological measures to characterize collaborative processes.

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“…Besides having a common outlook on the importance of biology, SST and RST come together in agreeing about the need to distinguish between fear and anxiety. Cattell considered this issue extensively in theoretical writing (Cattell, 1972) as well as in empirical research (Cattell & Bartlett, 1971).…”

Section: A H Fmentioning

confidence: 99%