The nature and utility of the phytoestrogens: a review of the evidence

Albertazzi, Paola; Purdie, David W

doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(02)00024-5

Cited by 102 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…9 Due to the structural similarity of enterolignans with mammalian oestrogens, these compounds are potentially interesting for combating some hormone-dependent cancers. [19][20][21][22] Some epidemiologic investigations have shown that the risk of breast, prostate and colon cancers is lower in countries or regions in which the diet is particularly rich in lignans.…”

Section: Lignansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens as Pharma Foods

Gupta¹,

Prakash²,

Gupta³

2016

Adv Food Technol Nutr Sci Open J

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Phytoestrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that structurally or functionally mimic mammalian estrogens and show potential benefits for human health. They can serve as potential alternatives to the synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulators which are currently being used in hormone replacement therapy. Estrogens play many important physiological roles in men and women. In women, life is severely affected by a variety of estrogen-related conditions such as osteoporosis, cognitive and cardiovascular disease, increased risk of breast cancer and other symptoms that decrease the overall quality of life. Phytoestrogens are effective in maintaining bone mineral density, prevent bone loss, and help in the prevention and/or treatment of such health related problems. They can be classified as flavonoids, isoflavonoids, coumestans, stilbenes, lignans and terpenoids. The main isoflavones, genistein and daidzein found in soybean, can exist as glucosides or as aglycones, and are readily hydrolyzed in the gut to their aglycones. The aglycones are easily transported across intestinal epithelial cells. Terpenoids (ferutinine, tschimgine, and tschimganidine) found in the Umbelliferae family have estrogenic activities. The main dietary source of phytoestrogenic stilbenes is trans-resveratrol from red wine and peanuts. Plant-derived foods may be an adequate source for a variety of phytoestrogens capable of producing a range of pharmacological effects and protection from various life threatening diseases. This article provides the comprehensive information about the main groups of phytoestrogens, their food as well as herbal or botanical sources, potential health benefits and probable health hazards.

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Section: Lignansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoestrogens as Pharma Foods

Gupta¹,

Prakash²,

Gupta³

2016

Adv Food Technol Nutr Sci Open J

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“…In general, phytoestrogens are grouped into four main categories: isoflavones, coumestans, lignans, and flavonoids [99]. Soy isoflavones are expected to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis [100].…”

Section: Phytoestrogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Effects of Dietary Habits on Menstrual Disorders in Young Women

Fujiwara¹,

Sato²,

Awaji³

et al. 2007

TOFSJ

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It has been accepted that food customs are closely associated with quality of life in women of the reproductive age. Food customs are speculated to not only influence the present life style but also to induce gynecological disorders such as dysmenorrhea and irregular menstruation. Although there is no constant definition of regular or normal menstruation, epidemiologic evaluation of menstrual cycle has been becoming an important issue. In addition, latent development of organic diseases such as endometriosis, which are accompanied by dysmenorrhea, is a concern under the current nutritional environment in young women. Thus, it is an important issue to evaluate the present situation of eating habits in young women and estimate the influence of these habits on the quality of reproductive functions. Therefore, in this review, recent articles that are concerned with these issues have been reevaluated.

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“…6 Anumber of reviews of the effectiveness of complementary therapies for hot flushes have been published. [6][7][8][9][10][11] While these symptoms may occur in natural menopause, they also commonly occur in patients with breast cancer, when chemotherapy or hormone manipulation cause premature menopause. The symptoms can be noticeably worse than hot flushes due to the normal menopause and can cause considerable distress, disrupting sleep and adversely affecting the quality of life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture and Self Acupuncture for Long Term Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms in Cancer Patients - Audit and Treatment Algorithm

Filshie

Bolton²,

Browne

et al. 2005

Acupunct Med

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Introduction Since hormone replacement therapy given for long periods is now recognised to produce serious side effects, patients with troublesome vasomotor symptoms are increasingly using non-hormonal treatment including acupuncture. Several randomised controlled trials have shown that acupuncture reduces menopausal symptoms in patients experiencing the normal climacteric. It may have this effect by raising serotonin levels which alter the temperature set point in the hypothalamus. Va somotor symptoms can be extreme in breast cancer patients and patients with prostate cancer who are undergoing anticancer therapy. The safety of some herbal medicines and phytoestrogens has been questioned, as they could potentially interfere adversely with the bioavailability of tumouricidal drugs. Aprevious study reports short term benefit from acupuncture, and the aim of this report is to describe our approach to long term treatment. Acupuncture approach After piloting several approaches, six weekly treatments were given initially at LI4, TE5, LR3 and SP6 and two upper sternal points, but avoiding any limb with existing lymphoedema or prone to developing it. If there were no contraindications, patients were given clear instructions on how to perform self acupuncture using either semi-permanent needles or conventional needling at SP6, weekly for up to six years, for long term maintenance. Audit methods and results Aretrospective audit of electronic records was carried out by a doctor not involved in treatment. Atotal of 194 patients were treated, predominantly with breast and prostate cancer. One hundred and eighty two patients were female. The number of pre-treatment hot flushes per day was estimated by the patient: in the 159 cases providing adequate records, the mean was 16 flushes per day. Following treatment, 114 (79%) gained a 50% or greater reduction in hot flushes and 30 (21%) a less than 50% reduction. Treatment was abandoned in those who responded poorly or not at all. The duration of treatment varied from one month to over six years with a mean duration of nine months. Seventeen patients (9%) experienced minor side effects over the six year period, mostly minor rashes; one patient described leg swelling but this was likely to be due to a concurrent fracture. Conclusion Acupuncture including self acupuncture is associated with long term relief of vasomotor symptoms in cancer patients. Treatment is safe and costs appear to be low. An algorithm is presented to guide clinical use. We recommend the use of self acupuncture with needles at SP6 in preference to semipermanent needles in the first instance, but poor responders use indwelling studs if they fail to respond adequately to self acupuncture with regular needles. Point location may be of less importance than the overall 'dose', and an appropriate minimum dose may be required to initiate the effect.

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The nature and utility of the phytoestrogens: a review of the evidence

Cited by 102 publications

References 57 publications

Phytoestrogens as Pharma Foods

Phytoestrogens as Pharma Foods

Adverse Effects of Dietary Habits on Menstrual Disorders in Young Women

Acupuncture and Self Acupuncture for Long Term Treatment of Vasomotor Symptoms in Cancer Patients - Audit and Treatment Algorithm

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