IntroductionDespite inconclusive evidence about the role of universities in local economic development (Rutten and Boekema, 2009), governments are encouraging them to become more entrepreneurial (Lawton Smith and Ho, 2006). Universities can commercialise research knowledge and intellectual property (IP) through developing university spinouts (USOs), to stimulate local economic development through multiplier effects. Those universities which are more successful at commercialising knowledge in the United Kingdom are generally more prestigious and resource rich, and possess better networks with external organisations (Huggins, 2008).`Star' universities such as Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College, and University College London report the greatest research income, and largest numbers of USOs, patents, and licences (Lawton Smith, 2007).A major challenge faced by USOs in exploiting entrepreneurial opportunities is to mobilise resources (Druilhe and Garnsey, 2004). Formal venture capital (VC)