The nature of hypnotic analgesia: neurophysiological foundation and evidence

Crawford, Helen J.; Knebel, Timothy; Vendemia, Jennifer M. C.

doi:10.1002/ch.113

Cited by 31 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Such findings have been marshaled in support of the neuropsychophysiological model of hypnosis offered by Crawford and Gruzelier (1992;Gruzelier, 1998), and the current results could be regarded in a similar light. Our findings may also be in line with a recent study by Crawford, Knebel, and Vendemia (1998) demonstrating that hypnotic analgesia is associated with increased activation in the anterior frontal cortex, the cerebral locus of cognitive inhibition (Bjorklund & Hamishfeger, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Suggestibility and negative priming: Two replication studies

David

Brown²

2002

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Research suggests that inhibiting the effect of irrelevant stimuli on subsequent thought and action (cognitive inhibition) may be an important component of suggestibility. Two small correlation studies were conducted to address the relationship between different aspects of suggestibility and individual differences in cognitive inhibition, operationalized as the degree of negative priming generated by to-be-ignored stimuli in a semantic categorization task. The first study found significant positive correlations between negative priming, hypnotic suggestibility, and creative imagination; a significant negative correlation was obtained between negative priming and interrogative suggestibility, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the study results. The second study replicated the correlation between negative priming and hypnotic suggestibility, using a different suggestibility measurement procedure that assessed subjective experience and hypnotic involuntariness as well as objective responses to suggestions. These studies support the notion that the ability to engage in cognitive inhibition may be an important component of hypnotic responsivity and maybe of other forms of suggestibility.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Suggestibility and negative priming: Two replication studies

David

Brown²

2002

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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“…THE FOUR CAUSES OF HYPNOSIS 213 Beginning in the 1990s, some modest progress has been made in our understanding of the brain and hypnosis. This has occurred for four reasons: first, brain-savvy theorists are crafting models of hypnosis with direct implications for neurophysiological functioning (Crawford, Knebel, & Vendemia, 1998;Gruzelier, 2000;Oakley, 1999;Ray, 1997;Woody & Bowers, 1994). Second, researchers more commonly examine brain function while the subject responds to hypnotic suggestions (e.g., analgesia and hallucination; Rainville, Duncan, Price, Carrier, & Bushnell, 1997;Szechtman et al, 1998, respectively), not while the subject rests peacefully doing nothing.…”

Section: The Second Cause Of Hypnosis: Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As such, theta activity seems to be one of the rare individual differences that correlates with hypnotizability. These authors posit that prominent theta expresses the highly hypnotizable subject's ability to narrowly focus attention so as to be relatively distraction-free (Crawford et al, 1998;Ray).…”

Section: The Second Cause Of Hypnosis: Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Four Causes of Hypnosis

Killeen¹,

Nash²

2003

International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis

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Aristotle's model of comprehension involves the description of a phenomenon and identification of its efficient causes (triggers), material cause (substrate), formal cause (models of structure), and final cause (function). This causal analysis provides a framework for understanding hypnosis and the hypnotic state. States are constellations of parameters within specified ranges; they name, but do not explain, a phenomenon. Concerns about reification of states are matters of semantics and pragmatics, not ontology. Isolation of efficient causes (e.g., procedure, context, social variables) is but one component of understanding. Experimental, technical, and conceptual advances have carried us into a century where the substrates and functions of hypnosis may be represented in synoptic theories that comprise all 4 causes of hypnosis.

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“…These results suggest the attentional and disattentional processes associated with the anterior frontal region to be important mediators in this process (e.g. Crawford et al, 1998). It should be noted that the necessity of hypnotic procedures to produce these changes in pain perception has been challenged (e.g.…”

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confidence: 93%

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

Kallio

Revonsuo

2003

Contemporary Hypnosis

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There is currently agreement that, in addition to the changes in external behaviour, suggestions presented in a hypnotic context may give rise to changes in subjective experience. Ye t, there is no general agreement about the theoretical framework within which these changes in experience should be explained. Though different theories about hypnosis overlap in many respects, there is still disagreement on whether reference to a specific internal state of the individual is necessary in order to explain these changes. We place the explanatory task in the context of a multilevel framework of explanation, which reveals that the disagreement between the 'state' and 'nonstate' view is about the level of description at which the phenomenon 'hypnosis' should be conceptualized. We propose a novel approach using the multilevel explanation which helps to formulate empirically testable hypotheses about the nature of hypnosis. We will outline the basic elements of such an approach and hope that our proposition will help hypnosis research to integrate with the multidisciplinary research on other phenomena of consciousness.

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The nature of hypnotic analgesia: neurophysiological foundation and evidence

Cited by 31 publications

References 50 publications

Suggestibility and negative priming: Two replication studies

Suggestibility and negative priming: Two replication studies

The Four Causes of Hypnosis

Hypnotic phenomena and altered states of consciousness: a multilevel framework of description and explanation

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