The nature of King James VI/I’s medical conditions: new approaches to the diagnosis

Abstract

It has been claimed that King James VI/I, an antecedent of King George III, suffered from acute porphyria, and that the disease was passed on to George III through his grand-daughter Sophie, mother of George I. The life of James is reviewed and previously-proposed diagnoses are considered. James's medical history is discussed in detail and, where possible, examined with validated symptom scales. Using an online database of neurological diseases, the authors show that James's symptomatology is compatible with a diagnosis of Attenuated (mild) Lesch-Nyhan disease; no evidence was found to support a diagnosis of acute porphyria. In addition, there is evidence of associated Asperger traits which may explain some of the King's unusual behavioural and psycho-social features.

Mental health issues of Maria I of Portugal and her sisters: the contributions of the Willis family to the development of psychiatry

“…Consanguinity is defined as unions contracted between persons biologically related as second cousins or closer. It is noteworthy that Mary Queen of Scots had to seek papal permission to marry her cousin Lord Henry Darnley (Fraser, 1969: 257) and this degree of consanguinity may have contributed to the medical problems of their son the future James VI/I (Peters, Garrard, Ganesan and Stephenson, 2012). Surprisingly, higher fertility rates are reported for consanguineous marriages (Bittles, 1995).…”