The Nature of Senile Changes of the Human Olfactory Bulb and Tract

Liss, Leopold; Gómez, Francisca

doi:10.1001/archotol.1958.00730010173006

Cited by 66 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…This conclusion appears doubtful, since it is quite probable that owing to the ventromedial entrance of the olfactory nerves, the olfactory tract would always begin in a dorsolateral position. Liss and Gomez (1958) observed senile changes in the human olfactory bulb of a 42-year-old and several other individuals over the age of 70 years. These changes corresponded to those found in the central nervous system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

et al. 1987

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The present study documents the morphological changes in the aging human olfactory bulb. Eight bulb pairs from white females between the ages of 25 and 102 years were used. The number of mitral cells in layers IV and III was determined for each bulb and corrected for split cell error. Counts were made on 10-micron thick Nissl-stained sections at 250-micron intervals. The mean number of mitral cells per olfactory bulb at age 25 was estimated from linear regression to be 50,935; at age 60, 32,718; and at age 95, 14,501. The average loss over the time interval studied was 520 mitral cells per year. The volume of each bulb layer, except layer IV, was determined. The difference in the volume of each layer within individuals with age and the total volume with age was not significant (P less than 0.11). The estimated mean bulb volume was found to be 50.02, 43.35, and 36.68 mm3 at ages 25, 60, and 95 years, respectively. The estimated reduction in bulb volume per year increase of age was 0.19 mm3. The ratio of mitral cells to bulb volume for layer III decreased by 19.4 units for every year increase in age. No significant difference was found between the left and the right bulbs in regard to the number of mitral cells and the bulb volume. Histologically, the glomerular layer thickness as well as the mitral cell size and concentration per unit area decreased with age. The intrabulbar anterior olfactory nucleus was discontinuous, highly variable in size, and presumably variable even in neuronal numbers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

et al. 1987

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“…The present results showed that 49 of a set of 64 olfactory stimuli were correctly identified by over 70% of the participants. Liss and Gomez (1958) conducted an early study that investigated age-related general decrements in smell sensitivity. The results showed that senile degenerative changes occur in the central nervous system, including extensive degeneration of the olfactory epithelium, with subsequent degeneration of the olfactory bulb.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

Fusari

Ballesteros

2008

Behavior Research Methods

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“…14,16,19 Changes in both cAMP and cGMP with age suggest the presence of a specialized signaling system related to taste and olfactory function. 25,26,35 Both cAMP and cGMP secretion in nasal mucus mirror age related changes in the olfactory system up to age 50 yr. Until age 50, smell acuity increases 36,37 38,39 and decreased fMRI activation 40 in older compared with younger subjects. These changes are consistent with decreased olfactory acuity after age 50 yr with decreased smell function consistent with decreased olfactory receptor function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus: relationships to taste and smell dysfunction, gender and age

Henkin

Velicu²

2008

CIM

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Clin Invest Med 2008; 31 (2): E71-E77. AbstractPurpose: To evaluate the presence and concentration of cAMP and cGMP in human nasal mucus in normal volunteers, to relate these findings to age and gender, and to compare normal levels with those in patients with taste and smell dysfunction. Methods: Nasal mucus was collected over one to four days in 66 normal subjects and 203 patients with smell loss (hyposmia). Samples were centrifuged at 20,000 rpm, the supernatant removed and analyzed for cAMP and cGMP by using a 96 plate technique with a specific spectrophotometric colorimetric ELISA assay. Results: Both cAMP and cGMP were present in human nasal mucus with both cAMP and cGMP significantly higher in normal women than in normal men [men vs. women; cAMP, 0.23±0.002 vs. 0.34±0.05 (P<0.05); cGMP, 0.28±0.03 vs. 0.63±0.12 (P<0.01)].Both cAMP and cGMP changed with age; both moieties increased in a U shaped, parabolic pattern reaching a peak at age 41-50 with cAMP diminishing thereafter and then increasing to its highest level over age 70. Both cAMP and cGMP were lower in patients with taste and smell dysfunction than in normal subjects [normals vs. patients; cAMP, 0.31±0.05 vs. 0.15±0.02 (P<0.01); cGMP, 0.56±0.07 vs. 0.025±0.02 (P<0.001)] suggesting a relationship to olfactory pathology. Conclusions: This is the first definitive study to demonstrate the presence of these cyclic nucleotides in nasal mucus and the first to reveal decreased levels in patients with impaired taste and smell function. Since olfactory receptor

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The Nature of Senile Changes of the Human Olfactory Bulb and Tract

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study

Identification of odors of edible and nonedible stimuli as affected by age and gender

cAMP and cGMP in nasal mucus: relationships to taste and smell dysfunction, gender and age

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