The Nature of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Fremont‐Smith, Frank

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1927.02200330036003

Cited by 69 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Sin embargo, pasaron varios años para que esta hipótesis fuera respaldada. En la década de 1920, Walter Dandy, investigando sobre la hidrocefalia obstruyó intencionalmente en un perro ambos agujeros de Monro, extirpando el PC de uno de los ventrículos laterales provocando una dilatación ventricular en el lado con PC y un colapso ventricular en el lado contralateral, definiendo como prueba definitiva e irrefutable de que el LCR se produce en el PC 7 .…”

Section: Inicios De La Teoría Hidrodinámicaunclassified

“…Por último, la reabsorción del LCR en las granulaciones aracnoideas fue descrita por Lewis Weed en 1914, mediante una aislación manual del espacio subaracnoideo en un cerebro de perro, impidiendo así el paso de LCR por ningún medio hacia los senos venosos, deduciendo así que es en este lugar donde se produce la reabsorción de LCR en el sistema cerebroespinal 7 .…”

Section: Inicios De La Teoría Hidrodinámicaunclassified

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Líquido cefalorraquideo y sistema glinfático, conceptos para no olvidar.

De la Barra,

Manzano,

Cox

2023

revchilneurocir

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La teoría hidrodinámica del líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) postulada por Weed-Dandy-Cushing en el siglo XX propone la producción, circulación y reabsorción del líquido cefalorraquídeo en un sistema llamado la tercera circulación que simula el sistema circulatorio. Esta teoría muchas veces es insuficiente para explicar ciertos problemas clínicos específicos como la presencia de agenesia del Acueducto de Silvio en ausencia de hidrocefalia, la persistencia de LCR posterior a coagulación de plexos coroides, etc. Se describe la nueva hipótesis propuesta por Bulat Klarika Oreskovic que incluye más factores en la hidrodinamia, entendiendo que este sistema no escapa de las leyes biofísicas que rigen el resto del cuerpo humano, intentando explicar desde otro punto de vista los mismos fenómenos. Asimismo, ciertas patologías como la hidrocefalia normotensiva del adulto, hipertensión endocraneana Idiopática, entre otras, se explican mejor con estas teorías. El sistema glinfático (SG) se describe al margen de estas teorías como una vía por la cual a través del espacio perivascular el cerebro puede desechar ciertas sustancias nocivas que permite mantener la fisiología normal del Sistema Nervioso Central. El presente estudio intenta explicar de una manera sencilla dichas teorías y su relación con el SG y algunas patologías pertinentes.

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Section: Inicios De La Teoría Hidrodinámicaunclassified

Líquido cefalorraquideo y sistema glinfático, conceptos para no olvidar.

De la Barra,

Manzano,

Cox

2023

revchilneurocir

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“…Opinions differ as to whether the production of the cerebrospinal fluid is a secretion (4), or a filtration process (5).…”

Section: Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Under the Influence of Continuous Subarachnoidal Infusion of Normal Saline

Foldes

Arrowood²

1948

J. Clin. Invest.

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In 1944 we described a method (1) for the production of analgesia by the continuous subarachnoid infusion of dilute solution of local anesthetic agents (procaine 0.5%). The method involved the introduction into the subarachnoid space of larger volumes of fluids than those used in earlier methods. Manometric measurements of the spinal fluid pressure in the course of the first few anesthesias administered by the new method showed that at the rate of infusion employed (4 to 10 drops per minute) the spinal fluid pressure was elevated only moderately, and the elevation caused no symptoms (2). Nevertheless it seemed that it would be of interest to study the effect of subarachnoidal infusion on a group of non-anesthetized patients; to observe the changes of the spinal fluid pressure with different rates of infusion and find out what, if any, symptoms accompany a sustained pressure. MATERIAL AND METHODThis study was carried out in 15 male and five female patients from the Neurosurgical Service of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The ages ranged between 16 and 70 years. All patients needed lumbar puncture for diagnostic purposes. Patients whose findings indicated disturbed cerebrospinal fluid dynamics were excluded from the study.The selected patients received 0.2 gm. of phenobarbital by mouth one and one-half hours before the start of the experiment. Lumbar puncture was accomplished and the spinal needle connected to the apparatus for continuous subarachnoid infusion in the manner described in previous communications (1, 2) (Figure 1).The patient was then placed in the supine position and initial levels of spinal fluid pressure, pulse rate and blood pressure were taken and recorded. The spinal fluid pressures measured with this setup were somewhat higher than those usually obtained with the patient in the lateral horizontal position. This was due to the fact that the zero point of the manometer was adjusted to the level of the skin of the back, and that the head was somewhat elevated by the small pillow. Since we were more interested in changes of the spinal fluid pressure than in absolute value this arrangement was selected, because it offered greater comfort to the patient and uniform con-

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“…In den früheren Jahren war angenommen worden, daß der Liquor cerebrospinalis ein Dialysat oder Transsudat des Serums sei (Lange 1920, Fremont-Smith 1927. Dagegen sprachen nach Ansicht späterer Autoren (Schmidt,Matiar 195(j) die liquor typischen Fraktionen (Vorfraktion, tau-Fraktion) und die relativ -im Vergleich zum Serum~.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Zur Frage der Herkunft und der diagnostischen Bedeutung der Liquor-Beta-Globuline

Wu¹,

Henzi²

1980

Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr

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208 cerebrospinal fluid samples were taken from patients having various patterns of neurological diseases. The following beta-globulins: transferrin, haemopexin, beta-1 A-globulin, beta-1 E-globulin, beta-2-glycoproteid and beta-lipoproteid were determined immunologically quantitatively in the CSF and partly quantitatively in the serum, and their behaviour was compared with that of the beta and tau fraction in CSF electrophoresis. It was found that changes in the fractions in CSF electrophoresis agreed only slightly with those of the quantitatively determined globulins, although these globulins represent 70--80% of the beta and tau fraction. Increases in the number of beta-1 A and beta-1 E-globulins are more significantly marked in intracranial haemorrhages than with other diseases. In all other respects, increases or decreases in the number of beta-globulins do not appear to be typical of any particular disease pattern determined by electrophoresis or quantitatively. Due to the linearity of the changes in case of disturbances of the CSF barrier, and also on account of the absolutely parallel behaviour of the beta-globulins, it was concluded that transferrin--contrary to the opinion held so far--is produced cerebrally in only small quantities or possibly not at all, and that the entirety of beta-globulins originate from the serum.

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The Nature of the Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cited by 69 publications

References 17 publications

Líquido cefalorraquideo y sistema glinfático, conceptos para no olvidar.

Líquido cefalorraquideo y sistema glinfático, conceptos para no olvidar.

Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure Under the Influence of Continuous Subarachnoidal Infusion of Normal Saline

Zur Frage der Herkunft und der diagnostischen Bedeutung der Liquor-Beta-Globuline

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