The nature of the risk faced by pedestrians with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

Wilmut, Kate; Purcell, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105886

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This lower confidence suggests that these self-perceptions are not just related to driving but extend to pedestrian behaviours too. This again corroborates previous research reporting lower levels of general self-confidence in individuals with DCD [21] and this may be related to the negative experiences individuals with DCD have perhaps faced as children and adults during road crossing [15,23]. Adults with DCD also reported engaging in significantly fewer positive (i.e., riskier) pedestrian behaviours compared to TD adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The behaviours centre around observing the priorities of traffic, taking greater care at night-time, crossing in appropriate places and at appropriate times (e.g., when faced with a green walk signal), averting dangerous crossing situations, and attempting to estimate vehicle speeds and crossing gaps. Interestingly, many of these 'risky' behaviours have also been shown in previous experimental research [14,15,23,24]. Previous research has suggested that adults with DCD understand the risky nature of these behaviours and the likelihood of accidents [14]; our results also show that they are aware that they engage in these risky behaviours when pedestrians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

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The self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviour of adults with developmental coordination disorder

Shipley,

Esselaar,

Wood

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Developmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects movement coordination, but little is known about how the condition impacts the behaviours of car drivers and pedestrians. Aims This study examined the self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviours of adults with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Methods and procedures One hundred and twenty-eight participants (62 adults with DCD vs. 66 TD adults) responded to an online survey asking them about their perceptions of confidence and self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviours in the real-world. Outcomes and results Results suggested that adults with DCD felt less confident and reported more lapses in attention (e.g., forgetting where their car was parked) and errors (e.g., failing to check their mirrors prior to a manoeuvre) when driving compared to typically developed (TD) adults. Adults with DCD also reported feeling less confident and reported less adherence to road traffic laws (e.g., not waiting for a green crossing signal before crossing the road) when walking as pedestrians. Conclusions and implications These results offer some much-needed insight into the behaviours of those with DCD outside of the laboratory environment and underline the need for research investigating the driving and pedestrian behaviours of individuals with DCD in ‘real-world’ contexts.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

The self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviour of adults with developmental coordination disorder

Shipley,

Esselaar,

Wood

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…Furthermore, previous studies have identified that children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and/or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at additional risk of pedestrian injuries ( Wilmut and Purcell, 2021 ; Tabibi et al, 2022 ). ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity beyond developmental norms that negatively impacts activities of daily living ( Ramos-Quiroga et al, 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Navigating busy roads presents a unique challenge for children with DCD and/or ADHD. Research reveals a significantly elevated risk of pedestrian injuries for these populations compared to typically developing children ( Wilmut and Purcell, 2021 ; Tabibi et al, 2022 ). This heightened vulnerability can be attributed to several key factors associated with each disorder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadside experiences of parents of children with developmental coordination disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Falemban,

Wilmut,

Hurst

et al. 2024

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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IntroductionPedestrians are a vulnerable group at the roadside and previous research has identified that children with DCD and ADHD are at a heightened risk of pedestrian injuries. Despite this, limited research has explored parental perspectives of the pedestrian risks faced by children with DCD and/or ADHD. Understanding parents’ perspectives provides a unique insight into the challenges children face every day and the concerns that parents perceive regarding their children’s safety as pedestrians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore parents’ perspectives of the pedestrian risks faced by their children with DCD and/or ADHD.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of primary school and early secondary school aged children with age range 7–17. The participants were divided into three groups based on their children’s conditions: DCD group (10–17 years, n = 3), ADHD group (7–13 years, n = 5), and co-occurring group (7–16 years, n = 6). All parents confirmed an existing diagnosis and completed the SNAP-IV and DCDQ as screening tools. The interviews explored parents’ perspectives regarding their children’s pedestrian behaviors, parents’ concerns and preventative measures taken to improve the pedestrian safety of their children with DCD and/or ADHD. Reflexive thematic analysis was undertaken to analyze the interviews, from which three themes were developed.ResultsThe first theme related to the challenges experienced by children at the roadside; parents emphasized the significance of structured and controlled pedestrian crossing sites, underlining their preference for designated crossings as safer options due to their heightened perceptions of risk associated with other road-crossing locations. The second theme: parental concerns and influences on children’s road safety referred to their children’s performance and safety at the roadside, leading to increased monitoring and a more protective approach to road crossing. The third theme: road safety education related to various strategies parents implemented to mitigate risks, while balancing independence and prioritizing their safety.DiscussionWhile there were commonalities in the challenges faced by children with DCD and/or ADHD at the roadside, there were also notable differences. Parents of children with DCD discussed challenges with spatial awareness and motor skills, whereas parents of children with ADHD discussed challenges with impulsivity and inattention. Parents of children with co-occurring DCD and ADHD described a complex interplay of these challenges. It is evident from the interviews that children with DCD and/or ADHD require a distinct approach to develop their pedestrian skills effectively and parents reported specific strategies they used to address the risks associated with their children’s roadside behavior. Promoting pedestrian safety for children with DCD and/or ADHD necessitates collaboration among parents, schools and local authorities to implement comprehensive measures ensuring their safety. These findings contribute to understanding parental experiences and needs, providing valuable guidance for targeted interventions and policies to enhance the road safety of children with DCD and/or ADHD.

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“…It is clear that what at first glance occurs unconsciously and automatically is actually a very complex task. Hence, it is not surprising that individuals who experience problems with aspects of these cognitive or perceptual-motor processes (e.g., ADHD or ASD) also have difficulty assessing traffic situations (Clancy et al, 2006;Cowan et al, 2018;Wilmut and Purcell, 2021). A group that deserves the necessary attention in this regard is individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder Adopt a Different Visual Strategy During a Hazard Perception Test for Cyclists

et al. 2021

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Cycling in traffic requires a combination of motor and perceptual skills while interacting with a dynamic and fast-changing environment. The inferior perceptual-motor skills in individuals with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may put them at a higher risk for accidents. A key skill to navigate in traffic is to quickly detect hazardous situations. This perceptual-cognitive skill was investigated in young adults with DCD using simulated traffic situations in a hazard perception test in cycling. Nine individuals with DCD (age: 23.0 ± 3.8) and nine typically developing (TD) individuals (age: 24.6 ± 3.5) participated in the study and completed the test while their gaze was tracked using a remote eye tracking device. A questionnaire was used to determine cycling experience and the perception of cycling and anticipation skill in traffic. Despite a longer period to master the motor skill of cycling, individuals with DCD reported to be able to safely cycle in traffic around the same age as TD young adults. In the hazard perception test, individuals with DCD fixated the hazards later, less frequently and for a shorter duration than the TD participants, however, the participants with DCD did not wait longer to react to the hazard than the TD participants. Interestingly, individuals with DCD rated the traffic situations in the test as significantly more dangerous than the TD participants. In conclusion, the differences exposed in the hazard perception test may imply an increased risk of accidents in individuals with DCD. In further research and practice it is recommended that both the motor and the perceptual aspects of cycling are addressed.

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The nature of the risk faced by pedestrians with neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

The self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviour of adults with developmental coordination disorder

The self-reported driving and pedestrian behaviour of adults with developmental coordination disorder

Roadside experiences of parents of children with developmental coordination disorder and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Young Adults With Developmental Coordination Disorder Adopt a Different Visual Strategy During a Hazard Perception Test for Cyclists

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