The Nature of the Training Response; Peripheral and Central Adaptations to One‐Legged Exercise

Abstract

13 male subjects were studied and placed in 3 groups. Each group exercised one leg with sprint (S), or endurance (E) training and the other leg oppositely or not at all (NT). Oxygen uptake (Vo2), heart rate and blood lactate were measured for each leg separately and for both legs together during submaximal and maximal bicycle work before and after 4 weeks of training with 4-5 sessions per week. Muscle samples were obtained from the quadriceps muscle and assayed for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, and stained for myofibrillar ATPase. In addition, eight of the subjects performed after the training two-legged exercise at 70% Vo2 max for one hour. The measurements included muscle glycogen and lactate concentrations of the two legs as well as the blood flow and the a-v difference for O2, glucose and lactate.

Interval training as an alternative modality to continuous exercise in patients with COPD

“…In their study, patients who were assigned to the interval group received only nine blocks of 1-min high-intensity (90% PWR) exercise which were alternated with nine blocks of 2-min low-intensity (45% PWR) exercise. Furthermore, total work output during the training period was kept constant without being regularly adjusted to parallel the improvement in physical fitness and thus to maintain relative training intensity constant [19,20]. In the present study, the training intensity progressively increased in each patient.…”

“…The reduction in fR by 16 and 15% in the IT and CT groups, respectively, would be expected to reduce thoracic gas entrapment and the rate of expiratory muscle recruitment and result in decreased work of breathing and exertional breathlessness [26]. It is also likely that the reduction in ventilatory requirement following IT is associated with a reduced metabolic requirement and recruitment of active muscle mass [20] and hence an improvement in mechanical efficiency, shown by the reduction in the slope of V9O 2 /WR ( fig. 2) [26,28] and confirmed by the absence of significant changes in physiological variables at a given metabolic (V9O 2 ) level ( fig.…”

“…Therefore, at the outset of the study, the total exercise time and amount of work done per session by each member of the IT group was designed to equate to the work that these patients would have done had they been assigned to the CT group. One of the training principles [18] requires that exercise intensity should be optimally maintained relative to peak exercise capacity and should parallel the improvement in physical status throughout the exercise programme [19][20][21]. Therefore, it was decided to increase the training intensity by an equal magnitude in both groups on a monthly basis so that, during the second and third months, it represented 60 and 70% and 120 and 140% of the baseline PWR in the CT and IT groups, respectively.…”

Effects of sport-specific training conditions on performance in high school field hockey players.

“…The vast majority of conditioning in field sports occurs without the apparatus (stick or ball) or MG, yet both conventional wisdom and scientific research tells us that sport specific training will produce better game-time results 24 . This study asks the following questions: (a) Will conditioning with a stick and MG impact an athletes' sport-specific abilities?…”

“…Mouthguard use has also been associated with improved lactate levels during high intensity exercise, a significant increase in both auditory and visual reaction times, improved muscular endurance and improved grip strength 15,23 . Adaptation to training is extremely specific 24 . This is why the sport-specific intervention of training while holding a stick and wearing a mouthguard was chosen.…”