The Nature of the Venous Systems in the Adrenal Gland

Dempster, W. J.

doi:10.1620/tjem.112.63

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Our previous scanning electron microscope observations of vascular casts of rat adrenal glands have supported the descriptions of FLINT (1900) and others (BENNETT and KILHAM, 1940;GERSH and GROLLMAN, 1941;DEMPSTER, 1974;COUPLAND, 1975 ;COUPLAND and SELBY,1976), and indicated that the cortical capillaries preferentially drain through the corticomedullary venous radicles into the medullary veins (MURA-KAMI, 1975b;KIKUTA and MURAKAMI, 1982;MURA-KAMI et al, 1983). In the present study, we reinvestigate the blood vascular beds of the rat adrenal glands by the same vascular casting/scanning electron microscope method and supplement our previous findings (MURAKAMI, 1975b;KIKUTA and MURAKAMI, 1982;MURAKAMI et al, 1983).…”

supporting

confidence: 79%

“…However, as supported by the present and previous cast observations (MURAKAMI, 1975b;KIKUTA and MURAKAMI, 1982;MURAKAMI et al, 1983), the medullary capillaries supplying the parenchymal cells in the adrenal medulla arise directly from the medullary arteries and receive few afferent vessels from the cortical capillaries. This finding, together with those of DEMPSTER (1974) andCOUPLAND andSELBY (1976), contradicts the concept of a corticomedullary portal circulation which would directly connect the cortical and medullary capillaries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The present study thus confirms anew that in the rat adrenal gland, no portal vessel exists between the cortical and medullary capillary plexuses. Many authors have reached similar results in man and various animals, including the rat, by conventional light microscopic methods mainly using India inkinjected tissues (FLINT, 1900;BENNETT and KILHAM, 1940;GERSH and GROLLMAN, 1941;LEVER, 1952;EZAKI, 1958;DEMPSTER, 1974;COUPLAND and SELBY, 1976). Transmission or scanning electron microscopic observations, including the present additional one, of fixed tissues have also confirmed in the cat, rat and other animals, the direct drainage of cortical capillaries into the medullary veins (MOTTA et al, 1979;KIKUTA and MURAKAMI, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Blood vascular beds of rat adrenal and accessory adrenal glands, with special reference to the corticomedullary portal system: A further scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts and tissue specimens.

Murakami

Oukouchi

Uno

et al. 1989

Arch. Histol. Cytol.

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Summary. Blood vascular casts of the rat adrenal glands were observed with a scanning electron microscope. The cortical capillary plexus drains, through the corticomedullary venous radicles, into the subcortical veins continuous with the medullary collecting veins. The medullary capillary plexus drains into the corticomedullary venous radicles, subcortical veins and medullary collecting veins. No portal vessel was noted between the cortical and medullary capillaries. These findings indicate that the cortical blood rich in glucocorticoids preferentially and continuously flows into the corticomedullary venous radicles, subcortical veins and medullary collecting veins all three of which are fenestrated in type, and also suggest that the vascular route from the cortical capillaries to the medullary collecting veins functions as a substitute for the portal system, controling the biosynthesis of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla. The vascular bed of the accessory adrenal gland (extra-adrenal cortical or chromaffin body) is sometimes annexed to that of the adrenal gland. On rare occasions, the vascular beds of the extra-adrenal cortical and chromaffin bodies fuse with each other. Additional scanning of tissue samples confirmed the direct drainage of cortical capillaries into the medullary veins and also the endothelial fenestrations of these capillaries and veins.

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supporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Blood vascular beds of rat adrenal and accessory adrenal glands, with special reference to the corticomedullary portal system: A further scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts and tissue specimens.

Murakami

Oukouchi

Uno

et al. 1989

Arch. Histol. Cytol.

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“…W. J. Dempster had shown hyperacute rejection of kidneys in presensitized dogs as early as 1955 (23). The term hyperacute rejection was coined by Kissmeyer-Nielsen much later (24).…”

Section: Tissue Matchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Present State of Liver Transplantation and the Future Prospects for Intestinal Transplantation

Starzl

1989

Immunological Investigations

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“…This venous relation, however, is conceived to be significant in exerting a vital influence on the adrenal circulation and function as a whole. The human adrenal venous system is different from that of dog in the following features (Dempster 1974); 1) the presence of an emissary vein, 2) the muscular content, and 3) a venous communication with the liver. Sasano et al (1971) have demonstrated the above venous communication in the right adrenal gland.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%