The Nature of V1 Neural Responses to 2D Moving Patterns Depends on  Receptive-Field Structure in the Marmoset Monkey

Tinsley, Chris J.; Webb, Ben S.; Barraclough, Nick E.; Vincent, C; Parker, Amanda; Derrington, Andrew M.

doi:10.1152/jn.00708.2002

Cited by 52 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, most MT neurons do not construct the type of velocity-space representation hypothesized by these models (Majaj et al, 1999;Priebe et al, 2003). Models that rely explicitly on local measurement of terminator motion have also been proposed (Lorenceau et al, 1993;Rubin et al, 1995;Grossberg et al, 2001) and appear to be qualitatively consistent with recent V1 data (Pack et al, 2003;Tinsley et al, 2003).…”

Section: Integration Of Motion Signals In Mtmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integration of Contour and Terminator Signals in Visual Area MT of Alert Macaque

Pack

Gartland²,

Born³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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The integration of visual information is a critical task that is performed by neurons in the extrastriate cortex of the primate brain. For motion signals, integration is complicated by the geometry of the visual world, which renders some velocity measurements ambiguous and others incorrect. The ambiguity arises because neurons in the early stages of visual processing have small receptive fields, which can only recover the component of motion perpendicular to the orientation of a contour (the aperture problem). Unambiguous motion signals are located at end points and corners, which are referred to as terminators. However, when an object moves behind an occluding surface, motion measurements made at the terminators formed by the intersection of the object and the occluder are generally not consistent with the direction of object motion. To study how cortical neurons integrate these different motion cues, we used variations on the classic "barber pole" stimulus and measured the responses of neurons in the middle temporal area (MT or V5) of extrastriate cortex of alert macaque monkeys. Our results show that MT neurons are more strongly influenced by the unambiguous motion signals generated by terminators than to the ambiguous signals generated by contours. Furthermore, these neurons respond better to terminators that are intrinsic to a moving object than to those that are accidents of occlusion. V1 neurons show similar response patterns to local cues (contours and terminators), but for large stimuli, they do not reflect the global motion direction computed by MT neurons. These observations are consistent with psychophysical findings that show that our perception of moving objects often depends on the motion of terminators.

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Section: Integration Of Motion Signals In Mtmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integration of Contour and Terminator Signals in Visual Area MT of Alert Macaque

Pack

Gartland²,

Born³

2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…SU and LFP responses to gratings and plaids were classified according to the Z-transformed partial correlation coefficients between the data and the component and pattern predictions (Tinsley et al, 2003;Smith et al, 2005) using the following equations (shown for the z-transformed pattern correlation):…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 1b shows hypothetical tuning curves for a component-selective (dashed line) and pattern-selective (solid line) neuron. We categorized each neuron in our sample as pattern or component selective, using standard statistical criteria (Tinsley et al, 2003;Smith et al, 2005) (see Materials and Methods), and Figure 2a-c shows the resulting distributions for areas V1, MT, and MST. Here, blue dots represent component-selective neurons, red dots represent pattern-selective neurons, and black dots represent neurons that could not be assigned statistically to either category.…”

Section: Single-unit Pattern Selectivity Along the Dorsal Visual Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern Motion Selectivity of Spiking Outputs and Local Field Potentials in Macaque Visual Cortex

Khawaja¹,

Tsui²,

Pack³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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The dorsal pathway of the primate visual cortex is involved in the processing of motion signals that are useful for perception and behavior. Along this pathway, motion information is first measured by the primary visual cortex (V1), which sends specialized projections to extrastriate regions such as the middle temporal area (MT). Previous work with plaid stimuli has shown that most V1 neurons respond to the individual components of moving stimuli, whereas some MT neurons are capable of estimating the global motion of the pattern. In this work, we show that the majority of neurons in the medial superior temporal area (MST), which receives input from MT, have this pattern-selective property. Interestingly, the local field potentials (LFPs) measured simultaneously with the spikes often exhibit properties similar to that of the presumptive feedforward input to each area: in the high-gamma frequency band, the LFPs in MST are as component selective as the spiking outputs of MT, and MT LFPs have plaid responses that are similar to the spiking outputs of V1. In the lower LFP frequency bands (beta and low gamma), component selectivity is very common, and pattern selectivity is almost entirely absent in both MT and MST. Together, these results suggest a surprisingly strong link between the sensory tuning of cortical LFPs and afferent inputs, with important implications for the interpretation of imaging studies and for models of cortical function.

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“…Pattern cells have been reported in striate cortex (V1) of the awake monkey (9%) [Guo et al, 2004], although the same experiment conducted on anesthetized animals (monkeys and cats) supported previous reports demonstrating an absence of pattern cells, thus highlighting the potential importance of feedback from other neural areas. In addition, investigations into the receptive fields of V1 neurons in the monkey have suggested that properties such as end-stopping [Pack et al, 2003] and broad tuning, which would enable feature tracking [Tinsley et al, 2003], may allow V1 to contribute directly to pattern motion perception. Pattern cells have also been reported in monkey V3, an extrastriate visual area intermediate in the visual processing hierarchy between V1 and MT [Gegenfurtner et al, 1997].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex for pattern motion perception revealed using rTMS

Thompson

Aaen-Stockdale

Koski

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The neural mechanisms underlying the integration and segregation of motion signals are often studied using plaid stimuli. These stimuli consist of two spatially coincident dynamic gratings of differing orientations, which are either perceived to move in two unique directions or are integrated by the visual system to elicit the percept of a checkerboard moving in a single direction. Computations pertaining to the motion of the individual component gratings are thought to take place in striate cortex (V1) whereas motion integration is thought to involve neurons in dorsal stream extrastriate visual areas, particularly V5/MT. By combining a psychophysical task that employed plaid stimuli with 1 Hz offline repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), we demonstrated a double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex in terms of their contributions to motion integration. rTMS over striate cortex increased coherent motion percepts whereas rTMS over extrastriate cortex had the opposite effect. These effects were robust directly after the stimulation administration and gradually returned to baseline within 15 minutes. This double dissociation is consistent with previous patient data and the recent hypothesis that both coherent and transparent motion percepts are supported by the visual system simultaneously and compete for perceptual dominance.

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The Nature of V1 Neural Responses to 2D Moving Patterns Depends on Receptive-Field Structure in the Marmoset Monkey

Cited by 52 publications

References 15 publications

Integration of Contour and Terminator Signals in Visual Area MT of Alert Macaque

Integration of Contour and Terminator Signals in Visual Area MT of Alert Macaque

Pattern Motion Selectivity of Spiking Outputs and Local Field Potentials in Macaque Visual Cortex

A double dissociation between striate and extrastriate visual cortex for pattern motion perception revealed using rTMS

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