The Near-Surface Circulation of the Eastern North Pacific

Kirwan, A. D.; McNally, G.; Reyna, E.; Merrell, William J.

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1978)008<0937:tnscot>2.0.co;2

Cited by 77 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Examples of shorter lifetime are also known [Kirwan et al, 1978a]. This may also be the case in the northern part of the North Atlantic Ocean, where during the entire year severe storms can pass by with extreme wave heights.…”

Section: Paper Number 88jc04035mentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of drifting buoys to currents and wind

Krauß¹,

Dengg²,

Hinrichsen³

1989

J. Geophys. Res.

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Two buoy types have been tested with respect to their drift performance under drogued and undrogued conditions. Additionally, forces acting on the buoys were measured directly. Quadratic drag laws have been confirmed for the drag in water and the combined drag of wind and waves. Stokes drift contributes about one half to the wind factor of 0.023, which is obtained for undrogued buoys in the Atlantic. The forces on a windowshade drogue are given by a linear relation between force and water velocity for speeds exceeding 10 cm/s. They have been extrapolated to speeds of less than 10 cm/s by both a linear and a quadratic relationship. Correlations between drift and wind speed in the Atlantic suggest that the linear law is a better approximation under realistic conditions. According to these measurements in the Atlantic the described buoy-drogue system with a windowshade drogue in 100-m depth is a good current-measuring device. Slippage is negligible for wind speeds of less than 15 m/s and is less than 2 cm/s under gale conditions. Undrogued buoys are strongly affected by wind and cannot be used for the analysis of currents without correction, even under light winds.

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Section: Paper Number 88jc04035mentioning

confidence: 99%

The response of drifting buoys to currents and wind

Krauß¹,

Dengg²,

Hinrichsen³

1989

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…It is also useful to examine the waves associated with a very simple current structure as a precursor to the work, in Wood and Willmott (1987) (hereafter referred to as Part 2), in which Rossby wave generation by a current undergoing meridional oscillations is considered. The study in Part 2 was motivated by the observational work of Kirwan et al (1978), in which annual variations in the position of the North Pacific Current were detected. Results are obtained both with and without an eastern boundary, to assess the effects of the North American coast on waves generated by the North Pacific Current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The generation of baroclinic Rossby waves by stationary and and translating currents part 1. Stationary current forcing

Wood

Willmott

1988

Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics

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This paper investigates the generation of linear, baroclinic Rossby waves by an imposed current distribution, in a reduced gravity ocean, both with and without an eastern coast. A zonal current is impulsively applied and maintained along the northern edge of the domain of solution. Using Green's function techniques, analytical solutions are found, and these are evaluated for small times. Numerical solutions are obtained for larger times. The upper layer depth field consists of a transient response, due to the sudden application of the current. Maintenance of the current causes a response which is singular along the line of imposed non-zero h,. The interior field decays with time (this is shown asymptotically). The parameters used are appropriate for the mid-latitude North Pacific, and the results are relevant to sudden transport changes in the North Pacific Current.

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“…The data in Kirwan, et al (1978a) admit of many different interpretations among them those of the authors. For our particular application, just a few features of the buoy paths will be noted from this study.…”

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confidence: 98%

“…If, however, the climatological winds are somehow connected to the climatological oceans in the ways described by various theories through 1966, or so, (see Neumann and Pierson (1966)), then equations such as equations (123) from Sverdrup (1947), (124) from Stommel (1948) and (125) from Munk (1950) would apply, and equations for the integrated mass transports such as those of Welander (1959) and Munk and Carrier (1950) Reports on the day to day movements of these buoys by Kirwan, et al (1978a) and Kirwan, et al (1979) have described the paths of these buoys. Supplementary reports by Kirwan, et al (1975), Kirwan, et al (1978b_ Kirwan and Chang (1978), and McNally, et al (1978, plus other refeTences, have described these buoys plus other designs, and theoretical aspects of their movement.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is too much to expect that a particular buoy stays with a particular volume of water along its entire path. Any particular portion of the path of a buoy for that particular day and time represents an appreciable percentage of the water motion at 30 m. Kirwan, et al (1978a) The surface movement of ocean water tends to be in geostrophic balance with the geodynamic topography, that is the slope of the sea surface relative to the geoid. This slope has been measured for areas where it is large and the geoid is well enough known as in Cheney (1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

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