The Necessity and Method of Stand Density Control Considering the Shape Ratio of Pinus thunbergii Coastal Disaster Prevention Forests in South Korea

Kim，Suk-Woo,; Chun, Kun–Woo; Park, Ki-Hyung; Lim, Young-Hyup; Yun, J. W.; Kwon, Se-Myoung; Youn, Ho‐Joong; Lee, Jinho; Teramoto, Yukiyoshi; Ezaki, Tsugio

doi:10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.3.411

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…This management needs to be performed to trees before they enter medium DBH class, and if the thinning was carried out in a stand with over 80% of the H/D ratio due to missing the most opportune time for density management, the H/D ratio of the forest trees in remaining stands after afforestation would be still high, leading to damages such as broken stems from a typhoon, or snowstorm. The H/D ratio of the forest trees is used as a vitality indicator of the stands in forest management (Kim et al 2015;Park et al 2019). As the density increases, the H/D ratio also goes up (Son et al 2015).…”

Section: Growth Characteristics By Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The H/D ratio and crown ratio have a strong correlation with stand density as well (Lanner 1985), and the past studies on stand density have reported that the increase in stand density intensifies the wind and snow damage (Reukema 1970;Cremer and Borough 1982;Oliver 1997). Generally speaking, H/D ratio under 70% is considered to be adequate while over 80% is deemed to be susceptible (van Laar andAkca 1997, 2007;Oda 1992;Harada and Kawata 2005; Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (Japan) 2011; Kim et al 2015;National Institute of Forest Science 2015;Kunisaki 2005). Once crown ratio gets smaller, growth also slows down, and this shifts the center of the tree upwards, making it more susceptible to wind and snow damage (Cremer et al 1983;Japan Forest Technology Association 1998;Kato 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest management that involves density control is crucial for sustainable production and preservation in man-made forests. In particular, since stand density has a close relationship with H/D ratio and crown ratio, which are considered good criteria for the stability and growth of the stand, properly planned stand density treatment is absolutely necessary (Pretzsch 1996;Wonn and O'Hara 2001;Abetz and Kl€ adtke 2002;Park et al 2009;Kim et al 2015). Since stand density affects not only the number of trees died of natural cause, but also the spread of various pests and diseases, the control of the stand density through an effective system is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, in these stands, it can be observed that damages from wind, snow, and disease and pest are growing due to a rapid reduction in the crown ratio and a resultant increase in the H/D ratio. Based on these characteristics, the importance of a tree's H/D and crown ratio cannot be overemphasized in terms of the development of forest resources for a healthy stand (Kim et al 2015;Park et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of H/D and crown ratio and tree growth for Chamaecyparis obtusa and Cryptomeria japonica in Korea

Kang

Lee

et al. 2021

Forest Science and Technology

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This study was conducted to suggest the necessity of regulated stand density control in order to maintain the ratio of height to diameter at breast height (H/D ratio) of Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) in South Korea. A total of 2,000 (1,000 each) Hinoki cypress and Japanese cedar were cut from various regions of South Korea, and their diameter at breast height (DBH), height and clear length were measured. The two species' regional means of H/D ratio and crown ratio were then computed and compared to find the relationship with tree growth. The result of analyzing the relationship between the H/D ratio and tree growth by DBH class is as follows, 77.0% for small DBH class, 62.5% for medium DBH class, and 45.9% for large DBH class, with overall mean of 61.8%. The annual means of DBH growth were 4.6 mm, 7.4 mm, and 8.2 mm respectively for small, medium, and large DBH classes. As the DBH class went up, the H/D ratio decreased, showing a negative correlation (p < 0.0001) with the tree growth rate. However, the crown ratio showed a significant correlation with tree growth. Japanese cedar's H/D ratios by DBH class were 100.5% for small, 74.9% for medium, and 53.6% for large, while its mean annual DBH growth were 5.1 mm, 7.6 mm, and 10.0 mm, from small to large DBH class respectively. Similar to that of Hinoki cypress, Japanese cedar's H/D ratio showed a negative correlation with the growth rate (p < 0.0001), but no significant relationship could be established between the crown ratio and the tree growth. In both arboreal species, the correlation between the H/D ratio and growth rate is negative, and no significant correlation could be formulated between crown ratio and tree growth. In conclusion, both tree species tended to have a higher H/D ratio and a lower growth rate in small DBH class, while H/D ratio decreased and growth rate increased As DBH class got larger.

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Section: Growth Characteristics By Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%