The Necrotroph Botrytis cinerea BcSpd1 Plays a Key Role in Modulating Both Fungal Pathogenic Factors and Plant Disease Development

Chen, Huchen; He, Shengnan; Zhang, Shuhan; Runa, A; Li, Wenling; Liu, Shouan

doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.820767

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…It induces host defense to promote host cell death using cell death-inducing proteins and toxins to trigger plant cells necrosis (Bi et al ., 2021; Leisen et al ., 2022). However, it was demonstrated that the BcSpd1 Zn(II) 2 Cys6 transcription factor is a potential suppressor of plant defense at an early stage (14 hpi) of A. thaliana infection by B. cinerea (Chen et al ., 2022). In this study, we show that BcLysM1 can reduce plant immune responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifunctional LysM effector ofBotrytis cinereacontributes to plant infection

Crumiere

Vallée

Rascle

et al. 2022

Preprint

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LysM effectors are suppressors of chitin-triggered plant immunity in biotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungi. Their role in necrotrophic fungi is unclear as these last are known to activate plant defenses and induce cell death. To characterize the role of the BcLysM1 gene encoding a putative LysM effector in the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, its expression was followed by transcriptional fusion and by RT-qPCR in planta. Two tagged-recombinant proteins were produced, and two independent deletion strains were constructed and characterized. BcLysM1 is induced in the early phase of infection, and more specifically in multicellular appressoria called infection cushions. The BcLysM1 protein binds the chitin in the fungus cell wall and protects hyphae against degradation by external chitinases. It is also able to sequester chitooligosaccharides and to prevent them from inducing ROS production in A. thaliana. Using mycelium as inoculum, deletion strains show a delay in infection initiation and a default in adhesion to bean leaf surfaces. This study demonstrates for the first time a dual role for a LysM effector in mycelium adhesion on the plant and in host defenses suppression, both of them occurring during the asymptomatic phase of infection by a necrotrophic fungus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multifunctional LysM effector ofBotrytis cinereacontributes to plant infection

Crumiere

Vallée

Rascle

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria brassicicola, and Neopestalotiopsis sp. (Figure 3B) are species commonly related to the necrotrophic strategy as they have a molecule pool with a high destructive power of the plant's tissues from the first time of the interaction with the host plant [46][47][48]. Finally, hemibiotrophic fungi have the capacity to combine both biotrophic and necrotrophic strategies [49].…”

Section: Photosynthetic Alterations By Pathogen Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Method of Biotic Stress Detection

Eduardo Aucique-Perez,

Elizabeth Román Ramos

2024

Challenges in Plant Disease Detection and Recent Advancements

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Plant diseases are a major threat to food security, causing drastic alterations in plant metabolism upon infection by pathogens. This often results in decreased biomass accumulation, slowed growth rates, and diminished yield components. Pathogens, through various lifestyles such as biotrophic, necrotrophic, and hemibiotrophic, disrupt photosynthesis, the primary metabolic process, via functional and structural damages. Furthermore, the CO2 assimilation in plants is severely altered by pathogens regardless of their lifestyles. Photosynthetic determinations allow us to establish a perspective about the physiological impairment caused by pathogens related to alterations in the CO2 flow from the atmosphere to carboxylation sites, stomatal limitations, and photosynthetic performance of photosystem II (PSII). From the changes in the energy, dissipation is possible to establish the functional status of the photochemistry machinery under stress conditions. For the above, chlorophyll a fluorescence (CF) and CF imaging (CFI) arose as a method highly sensible to determine the damage caused by pathogens in plants. This review shows a practical perspective on CF tools using visual method and rapid fluorescence induction kinetics (OJIP-test), for disease detection associated with plant-pathogen interaction studies from the physiological viewpoint, their implications for plant pathology research, applications for the plant phenotyping field, and biotic stress detection.

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“…Many reports on fungal effectors stem from interactions between the pathogen and host; these reports have revealed effectors during appresorium formation and development [9,[14][15][16], in biotrophy [17][18][19], and in necrotrophy stages [20][21][22][23][24]. It is known that many effectors are specific to a particular stage during the pathogen-host interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocercospora fijiensis Conidial Germination Is Dominated by Pathogenicity Factors and Effectors

Carreón-Anguiano,

Gómez-Tah,

Pech-Balan

et al. 2023

JoF

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Conidia play a vital role in the survival and rapid spread of fungi. Many biological processes of conidia, such as adhesion, signal transduction, the regulation of oxidative stress, and autophagy, have been well studied. In contrast, the contribution of pathogenicity factors during the development of conidia in fungal phytopathogens has been poorly investigated. To date, few reports have centered on the pathogenicity functions of fungal phytopathogen conidia. Pseudocercospora fijiensis is a hemibiotrophic fungus and the causal agent of the black Sigatoka disease in bananas and plantains. Here, a conidial transcriptome of P. fijiensis was characterized computationally. Carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipid metabolisms presented the highest number of annotations in Gene Ontology. Common conidial functions were found, but interestingly, pathogenicity factors and effectors were also identified. Upon analysis of the resulting proteins against the Pathogen–Host Interaction (PHI) database, 754 hits were identified. WideEffHunter and EffHunter effector predictors identified 618 effectors, 265 of them were shared with the PHI database. A total of 1107 conidial functions devoted to pathogenesis were found after our analysis. Regarding the conidial effectorome, it was found to comprise 40 canonical and 578 non-canonical effectors. Effectorome characterization revealed that RXLR, LysM, and Y/F/WxC are the largest effector families in the P. fijiensis conidial effectorome. Gene Ontology classification suggests that they are involved in many biological processes and metabolisms, expanding our current knowledge of fungal effectors.

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The Necrotroph Botrytis cinerea BcSpd1 Plays a Key Role in Modulating Both Fungal Pathogenic Factors and Plant Disease Development

Cited by 7 publications

References 74 publications

A multifunctional LysM effector ofBotrytis cinereacontributes to plant infection

A multifunctional LysM effector ofBotrytis cinereacontributes to plant infection

Chlorophyll a Fluorescence: A Method of Biotic Stress Detection

Pseudocercospora fijiensis Conidial Germination Is Dominated by Pathogenicity Factors and Effectors

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