The nectary as the primary site of infection by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.: a mini review

Bubán, T.; Orosz-Kovács, Zs.

doi:10.1007/s00606-002-0266-1

Cited by 87 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The pathogen gains entry to the inner floral tissues via the nectar secreting stomata, called nectarthodes (Hildebrand and MacDaniels 1935;Rosen 1936;Bubán et al 2003a). The nectary plays an important role also in the transmission of another Erwinia species, E. tracheiphila, which is the causative agent of bacterial wilt disease in cucurbits (Sasu et al 2010a).…”

Section: Hypanthium and Nectarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristic differences can be observed in the morphology of the nectar gland between apple and pear: the calyx cup (hypanthium) in the apple flower is narrow and elongated, contrasted with the broad, open and shallow calyx cup of pear flowers (Rosen 1936), and consequently the nectaries of apple are less exposed than those of pear (Rosen 1936;Bubán et al 2003a;Farkas et al 2007). Under low RH, bacterial survival is probably better in apple or crab apple hypanthia than in pear hypanthia, which are relatively more open and more subject to desiccation (Pusey 2000).…”

Section: Hypanthium and Nectarymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bioregulators containing acylcyclohexanediones, like prohexadione-Ca (ProCa) and trinexapac-ethyl (TrixE) have been developed as vegetative growth regulators, but have also been applied with success in fire blight prevention, being effective both against shoot blight and blossom blight (Costa et al 2001Aldwinckle et al 2002;Bazzi et al 2003;Bubán et al 2003aBubán et al , b, 2004Sobiczewski and Bubán 2004;Spinelli et al 2007). Acylcyclohexanediones trigger plant resistance in pome fruit trees by inducing an alternative pathway for the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, which leads to the formation of novel flavonoids, like luteoforol (Halbwirth et al 2003;Römmelt et al 1999Römmelt et al , 2003aRademacher et al 2006;Spinelli et al 2007).…”

Section: Prevention Of Fire Blight With Chemical Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bacterium first colonizes the stigma, multiplies on its surface, followed by migration along the style to the flower cup (hypanthium), facilitated by rain or heavy dew. The pathogen gains entry to the floral tissues through the nectary stomata (nectarthodes) located on the hypanthial surface (Hattingh et al 1986;Thomson 1986;Wilson et al 1989Wilson et al , 1990Johnson and Stockwell 1998;Pusey 1999a;Bubán et al 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Floral traits affecting fire blight infection and management

Farkas

Mihalik

Dorgai³

et al. 2011

Trees

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Erwinia amylovora, the causative agent of fire blight, colonizes primarily the flowers of the sub-family Maloideae. Commercially important fruit tree species such as apple (Malus domestica) and pear (Pyrus communis) are also affected by the disease. Epiphytic bacterial populations develop on the stigma, from where the pathogen colonizes the hypanthium, aided by moisture. Under favorable conditions, nectar provides a rich medium for growth, which allows bacterial invasion of tissues through the stomata of the nectary. The paper reviews various floral traits that may play a role in the onset and progression of the infection. Flower age, stigma morphology and longevity, the size of epiphytic bacterial population, morphology of the hypanthium, anatomy of the nectary, dynamics of nectar secretion, as well as the volume, concentration and composition of the nectar are discussed in detail, comparing traits of susceptible versus tolerant apple and pear cultivars. Management programs, aiming at the suppression of E. amylovora on floral parts by antibiotics, chemical compounds, natural substances or biological control agents, are also discussed.

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Section: Hypanthium and Nectarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypanthium and Nectarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevention Of Fire Blight With Chemical Substancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Floral traits affecting fire blight infection and management

Farkas

Mihalik

Dorgai³

et al. 2011

Trees

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“…By far the most important economically is fire blight of pears and apples, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora . This can infect over 100 species within the Rosaceae and remains difficult to control in orchards (Bubán & Orosz-Kovács, 2003). The bacterium overwinters inside the plant and in the spring produces sugary lesions on the bark.…”

Section: The Infectious Stages Of the Disease Are Carried By Pollinatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant venereal diseases: insights from a messy metaphor

Antonovics

2004

New Phytologist

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SummaryThe concept of plant venereal disease is examined from definitional, operational and axiomatic viewpoints. The transmission of many plant pathogens occurs during the flowering phase and is effected either by pollinators or by wind dispersal of spores from inflorescences. Attraction of insects by pseudo-flowers or sugary secretions also serves to spread many diseases. Given the diversity of processes involved, a simple all-encompassing parallel with animal venereal diseases is not possible. Operationally establishing the routes of disease transmission, as well as quantifying the relative magnitudes of these different routes, remains critical for understanding disease dynamics and controlling spread in agricultural contexts. From an axiomatic viewpoint, sexually transmitted diseases are characterized by frequency-dependent transmission, transmission in the adult stage, and by virulence effects involving sterility rather than mortality. These characteristics serve to differentiate the dynamics and evolution of sexually transmitted diseases from that of other diseases and are features that are also shared by many pollinator-transmitted diseases. However, the majority of plant diseases that involve the reproductive structures show a rich biology that defies easy categorization. The experimental convenience of plants and their pathogens is likely to play an important role in understanding the evolution of disease traits, irrespective of what descriptive terms are applied to the natural history of the transmission process.

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The effects of the floral infection by a bacterial pathogen in a dioecious plant, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)

2022

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Among all the different organs of a plant, flowers might have one of the most dynamic microbial communities, since many microbes are transmitted during flowering by insects and pollen. However, little is known about how these microbes affect floral characteristics and plant reproduction. Among the microbes transmitted to flowers, pathogens may have highly negative effects on plants' fitness. In this study, we investigated whether a bacterial pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora, occurs on flowers of the host plant Mallotus japonicus, and whether the transmission of the pathogen to flowers can result in systemic infection and/or reduction of fruit production. The pathogen has been reported to infect through leaves, while its ecology on flowers is unknown. We first confirmed the presence of the pathogen on flowers, indicating possible transmission by visitors or pollen. Then, we showed that the bacteria can infect the plant through flowers by inoculating the pathogen to both male and female flowers. Interestingly, the symptoms on leaves appeared earlier on the female plants than on the males. Besides, the inoculation significantly decreased fruit set of the female plants. Our results suggest a higher cost of infection in a female than in a male once the pathogen infected flowers. Although the effects of pathogen infection to flowers have rarely investigated in wild plants, it would be an interesting topic for future study if such sexual differences in the infection cost can cause sexual conflict and intraspecific adaptation load.

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The nectary as the primary site of infection by Erwinia amylovora (Burr.) Winslow et al.: a mini review

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Floral traits affecting fire blight infection and management

Floral traits affecting fire blight infection and management

Plant venereal diseases: insights from a messy metaphor

The effects of the floral infection by a bacterial pathogen in a dioecious plant, Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae)

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