The need for community care among older people in China

Zhou, Junshan; Walker, Alan

doi:10.1017/s0144686x15000343

Cited by 67 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This finding indicates that the Chinese government prioritizes those who are unable to meet their needs rather than the highly disabled. The “Five Guarantees” and the “Three Nos” are the main objectives of social welfare policy in China, all of which are related to ability rather than need (Zhou & Walker, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hundred and twenty‐four institutions from 28 provinces were involved in this pilot in 2014 (Fang, ). According to social care policy, “home‐based, community service‐reliant and institutional care‐supplemented based on the principle of guiding by policy, supporting by government, organizing by society and promoting by the market “is the main route to social welfare socialization in the future (Dong, , p. 68; Zhou & Walker, , p. 16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The gap in social care provision for older people in China

Zhu

Walker

2017

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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Because of its unprecedented sociodemographic changes, particularly rapid population aging, China faces huge challenges in social care. Using data from the 2012 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (n = 9,765), this article examines the need for social care, as well as the major sources of provision. The findings indicate that the majority of older people face some restriction in their daily living activities. From their perspective, however, the most urgent social protection services are related to health care and legal aid rather than services supporting daily living. Although Chinese Government policy since the 1990s has been a strategy of social welfare socialization, the role of government, both as provider and funder, is limited and focuses only on the most deprived and on urban areas. The result is a massive “care gap” between the need for social care and its supply. The primary responsibility for care provision is borne by the family. The direction of social policy in the future should focus on shared care between the family and the state, giving priority to expanding the coverage of social care services, especially in rural areas.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gap in social care provision for older people in China

Zhu

Walker

2017

Asian Soc Wrk & Pol Rev

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“…China has a long familistic history and people are keen to uphold the traditional practice of family-based care rooted in the ideological foundation of filial piety and mutual support, thus preferring to age-in-place (Zhou & Walker, 2016). Although family support systems are weakening due to the growth of individualism, urbanisation and mass migration, the family and home -based care models still occupy a large proportion of care models for the older population in China (Zhang & Goza, 2006;Li, 2010).…”

Section: Ageing-in-placementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Home care service is defined as, a government and social force that is based in the community, which provides a wide range of health and social services such as day care, housekeeping service, rehabilitation care, canteens, centralised meal delivery and spiritual comfort for older people to age-in-place (Tian, 2010;Zhou & Walker, 2016). Pannell & Blood (2012) and Torrington (2014) identify, mobility support, sensory support, support for cognitive failings and health and safety, as key while adapting homes or local neighbourhoods for older people to age-in-place.…”

Section: Ageing-in-placementioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Ageing-in-Place: Design of residential buildings for older people in China

Gadakari

Wang

Hadjri

et al. 2017

E-BPJ

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Ageing-in-place is the most common ageing model in China. Therefore, design of age-friendly residential buildings and neighbourhoods becomes an important factor leading to improvement in older people's health and quality of life. This paper presents the current situation of the ageing population in Chinese cities by qualitatively analysing existing literature, design standards and conducting stakeholder interviews to understand older people's housing choices as well as establish physical design factors, challenges and potentials of residential design for older people. The findings will fill the knowledge gap of age-friendly residential models in China and guide better design to meet older people's needs.Keywords: ageing; age-friendly design; residential building; spatial design Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v2i6.965 eISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of IntroductionThe global population is undergoing a marked demographic shift, where older people will soon outnumber youth populations owing to increase in life expectancy, falling fertility rates, and lifestyle changes. The number of people aged 65 or older is projected to grow from an estimated 524 million in 2010 to nearly 1.5 billion in 2050, with most of the increase in developing countries. (World Health Organisation, 2011) In China, people aged 60 and over are defined as 'older people' and this population is rising rapidly due to an overall increase of life expectancy of 29.8 years since the 1960s to 2010 (OECD, 2014). The number of Chinese people over the age of 65 are likely to grow from 123 million in 2011, 200 million in 2026, 300 million in 2038, to 330 million by 2050, with around 100 million over the age of 80 (World Health Organisation, 2011; United Nations, 2013; OECD, 2014). According to China's Ministry of Civil Affairs, the number of people aged 60 and over is currently 222 million, which comprises of 16.1% of the total population and has already surpassed the above prediction (CIIC China, 2016).In tandem with demographic change, China is also undergoing massive social and economic transitions. The country is witnessing key changes in family structures, urbanisation, educational advancement, technological development and increasing participation of women in the labour market. These shifts are challenging the traditional family-based care arrangement for older people. In the future, for every younger couple there will be four or more older family members who require daily care and assistance. (Feng, 2014) This will have direct consequences in terms of access to s...

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“…Such innovative technologies have transformed nursing care, enabling nurses to reach out to a larger and more diverse patient population within the community. Although community healthcare systems in most Asian countries, including China and Japan, remain relatively new and under‐established (Nishino ; Zhou & Walker ), the changing demographic profile is driving the need for community services worldwide. This translates to a growing demand for community nurses that has come amid a tight labour market, attributed by the persistently low registration rate from nursing graduates and the high attrition rate within the nursing profession particularly in the Asian context (Chalk & Legg ; Fang ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Singaporean nursing students' perceptions of a career in community nursing

Lau

Ong³

et al. 2019

International Nursing Review

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Background The ageing population and the changing disease profile have been driving the demand for community nurses. However, few nursing students in Singapore aspire to have a career in community nursing following graduation. Objectives To explore undergraduate nursing students' perceptions of a career in community nursing and to identify strategies to promote community nursing among nursing students. Methods An exploratory qualitative design was used. Four focus group discussions were conducted with a purposive sample of 24 undergraduate nursing students from a university. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings Four key themes emerged as follows: ‘mid‐life career’, ‘limited career progression’, ‘a difficult transition’ and ‘international nurses‐dominated workforce’. Discussion While most participants rejected a career in community nursing immediately after graduation, they planned to join it at the later stages of their lives to accommodate changing life priorities. Limited career progression and increased difficulty in career transition from community nursing to acute care nursing were identified as deterrent factors in the participants' choices of community nursing as a career. Feelings of marginalization and a lack of role models in community nursing were perceived to be the result of the international nurses‐dominated community workforce. Conclusion Community nursing remains an underrated career. There is a need to foster an optimistic career outlook and mobility in community nursing to entice nursing students into this career track. Implications for nursing policy Strategies to enhance community nursing recruitment should focus on providing more quality and diverse community placement opportunities in various community care settings, implementing a clearly defined career developmental plan to elucidate the role of community nurses, and improving community care and cultural competencies to develop a skilled and diverse community nursing workforce.

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The need for community care among older people in China

Abstract: Abstract:Because of the rapid ageing of China's population its social care system has come under close scrutiny from policy makers. Unfortunately there is very little Chinese research evidence that might be used to plan future service developments.

Cited by 67 publications

References 59 publications

The gap in social care provision for older people in China

The gap in social care provision for older people in China

Promoting Ageing-in-Place: Design of residential buildings for older people in China

Singaporean nursing students' perceptions of a career in community nursing

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