The need for local governance of global commons: The example of blue carbon ecosystems

Merk, Christine; Grunau, Jonas; Riekhof, Marie-Catherine; Rickels, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107581

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Currently, management and social aspects are becoming important themes in blue carbon science 12 , and blue carbon initiatives at the national and local scales have been proposed 46 , 47 . To facilitate the management of blue carbon, clear and measurable objectives must be defined at national and local scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An effective management framework should take into account regional livelihoods and integrates the dimensions of governance, finance, and technology 48 . In addition, a clear benefit-sharing mechanism is needed to ensure equitable distribution of blue carbon benefits, and ecosystem services should be integrated as well 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This can be improved by dataset accuracy increases. Moreover, while we focus on the carbon sink function of blue carbon ecosystems, we need to pay attention to their additional ecosystem services 46 . However, ecosystem services were not considered in the indicators of this study due to the lack of data at the national level across the globe, and future work could include additional ecosystem services, such as storm protection, habitat provision, and pollution uptake, in the indicator system once the national data becomes available.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainably developing global blue carbon for climate change mitigation and economic benefits through international cooperation

Feng,

Ye,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Blue carbon is the carbon storage in vegetated coastal ecosystems such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass. It is gaining global attention as its role in climate change mitigation and local welfare growth. However, a global assessment on the long-term spatiotemporal sustainable development status of blue carbon has not been conducted, and the relations among blue carbon ecosystems, driving forces for climate change mitigation, and socioeconomic interventions for development capacity on a global scale are still unclear. Here, we constructed a blue carbon development index (BCDI), comprising three subsystems: driving force, resource endowment, and development capacity, to assess the sustainable development level of 136 coastal countries’ blue carbon over 24 consecutive years and explore the relationship among subsystems. We further propose a cooperation model to explore the feasibility of global blue carbon cooperation and quantify benefit allocation to specific countries. The results showed an upward trend in BCDI scores with variations in regional performance over the past two decades, and we found a positive correlation between development capacity and blue carbon resource endowment. Based on the scenario simulations of global cooperation, we found that coastal countries could improve the global average BCDI score, add 2.96 Mt of annual carbon sequestration, and generate $136.34 million in 2030 under Global Deep Cooperation scenario compared with the Business-As-Usual scenario.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sustainably developing global blue carbon for climate change mitigation and economic benefits through international cooperation

Feng,

Ye,

Zeng

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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“…While in principle such a concept could be applicable to blue carbon ecosystems (i.e. average accounting), the distinct feature is that blue carbon ecosystem are de-facto open access regimes without clearly defined property rights (Merk et al 2022).…”

Section: The New Zealand Emissions Trading Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Database and report on currently already existing or announced ocean NETs projects, including a world map of projects

Rickels¹

2022

Self Cite

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Emissions trading systems (ETS) and markets usually do not allow for the inclusion of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities and if they do, removal activities are primarily restricted to afforestation. The New Zealand emission trading system (NZ ETS), for examples, integrates afforestation, and the California Low-Fuel Standard, the Quebec ETS and the Chinese ETS permit the restricted inclusion of afforestation offsets. Furthermore, the California Low-Carbon Fuel Standard System allows for the inclusion of removal via Direct Air Capture. In combination with the 45Q tax credit program, the largest incentives for CDR via Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) are currently provided in the US. However, both do not yet allow for the inclusion of ocean-based carbon removal. Hence, we provide first a brief overview about the NZ ETS and its inclusion of afforestation, pointing out that the concept will likely not be applicable to ocean-based CDR with the potential exemption of blue carbon projects. Second, we discuss the 45Q tax credit program, the California Low-Fuel Standard System, and the California Compliance Offset Scheme. Third, we provide an overview about the company database related to ocean-based carbon removal. Fourth, we briefly look at the voluntary carbon market, providing some insights for carbon removal accounting.

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“…At the same time, as in the context of flood risk management, there is a key role for private landowners to play in the development of nature-based solutions . To realize the potential of CO2 sequestration, it is necessary to clarify who owns the CO2 sequestered as a climate mitigation service (Merk et al, 2021). At present, CO2 sequestration from forests contributes to the national obligations, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role and potential of flood risk management in shaping land use – Flood-peak polders of the Tisza River from the perspective of integrated planning challenges

Ungvári

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The dissertation follows an article-based PhD structure, where the summary text contextualizes and synthesizes the three articles of my PhD dissertation. These articles cover the scientific approach and results of separate project-based work carried out along the Tisza River in recent years. I have been involved in these projects as a project leader and analyst. At the Tisza River, the development of flood-peak polders (in line with the Further Development of the Vásárhelyi Plan Program – or VTT according to the Hungarian acronym) was a significant initiative in terms of flood management and rural development in the period 2000-2020, but the assessment of its results from a policy implementation perspective is not unanimous. The aim of the thesis is, among other things, to describe the scientific context of these partly successful (flood management) and partially unsuccessful (rural development, land-use change) results. I believe that without a coherent interpretation, no further progress can be expected in the related policy field, although the reasons for the partial failure will be key issues in the implementation of any climate policy goal requiring territorial adaptation. For this interpretation, I address the development process of the Tisza flood-peak polders through the perspective of Spatial Flood Risk Management (SFRM), an emerging approach. The thesis reflects on the issues that gave rise to it, its characteristics, and why and how it can be used to support the implementation of flood risk management projects that require the involvement of private land. This is one stream of the work. Another source of added value of the PhD thesis is that it contributes to understanding the impact of technological development on the potential conducting economic analyses. Technical advances in flood-risk mapping have now made it possible to apply a reliable cost-benefit- and, consequently, a provider-beneficiary approach to the organization of flood defense from a spatial perspective, which includes the value of flood risk reduction among the benefits. Moreover, the flood-risk modification potential of these spots (sites) can also be expressed, depending on assumptions about land use. This new situation will allow more effective solutions to flood-risk reduction to be developed. This can be exploited by making a cross-sectoral comparison of public and private impacts and their relationship to land use alternatives in a monetizable form. The dissertation explores these potentials based on the experience gained from the flood-peak polder development process of the Tisza River. The second part consists of the articles that provide the background for the synthesis and the summary of the work. The first paper, Reducing flood risk by effective use of flood-peak polders: A case study of the Tisza River (Ungvári & Kis, 2022b), presents the methodological development and results of a flood-risk calculation-based economic support system for the management of the Tisza River flood-peak polders. The second, Combining Flood Risk Mitigation and Carbon Sequestration to Optimize Sustainable Land Management Schemes: Experiences from the Middle-Section of Hungary's Tisza River (Ungvári, 2022), presents the results of cost-benefit analyses that support the multi-criteria utilization of land suitable for flood-risk mitigation. The third article, Social, economic, and legal aspects of polder implementation for flood risk management in Poland and Hungary (Warachowska et al., 2023), compares the regulatory approaches underlying the operation of flood-peak polders on the Tisza River and the Warta River in Poland.

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The need for local governance of global commons: The example of blue carbon ecosystems

Cited by 17 publications

References 68 publications

Sustainably developing global blue carbon for climate change mitigation and economic benefits through international cooperation

Sustainably developing global blue carbon for climate change mitigation and economic benefits through international cooperation

Database and report on currently already existing or announced ocean NETs projects, including a world map of projects

The role and potential of flood risk management in shaping land use – Flood-peak polders of the Tisza River from the perspective of integrated planning challenges

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