The need for revised standards for skinfold thickness in infancy

Paul, Alison; Cole, TJ; Ahmed, Erfan; Rg, Whitehead

doi:10.1136/adc.78.4.354

Cited by 37 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In the infants Z-scores were calculated for BMI 17 and for triceps and subscapular skinfolds. 18 Data on FFM and FM from Fomon's reference child 11 were also used in the analysis, with infancy (birth to 12 months) being considered separately from childhood (1 ± 10 y).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hattori chart analysis of body mass index in infants and children

Wells¹

2000

Int J Obes

212

184

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BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used as an index of fatness in paediatrics, but previous analysis of the BMI ± fatness relationship has been insuf®cient. OBJECTIVE: To consider the effects of variation in fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) on BMI in infants, children and Fomon's reference child (Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 1169 ± 1175. SUBJECTS: 42 infants aged 12 weeks; 64 children aged 8 ± 12 y; Fomon's reference child. METHODS: FFM was measured by deuterium dilution. FFM index (FFMI) and FM index (FMI) were calculated. The effects of variation in FFM and FM on BMI were explored using Hattori's body composition chart (AmJHum Biol 1997; 9: 573 ± 578). RESULTS: In both infancy and childhood, a given BMI can embrace a wide range of percentage body fat. At both time points, the s.d. of FFMI was b 60% of the s.d. of FMI. Graphic analysis differentiated the effects of lean tissue and fat deposition on BMI with age in the reference child. CONCLUSION: Although valuable for assessing short-term changes in nutritional status in individuals, and for comparing mean relative weight between populations, BMI is of limited use as a measure of body fatness in individuals in both infancy and childhood. The development of BMI with age may be disproportionately due to either FFM and FM at different time points.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hattori chart analysis of body mass index in infants and children

Wells¹

2000

Int J Obes

212

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…There is no agreement about the side of the body from which anthropometric measurements must be obtained. In general, in Europe Deurenberg et al, 1990Deurenberg et al, ,1999Gurrici et al, 1998) and in children (Tanner & Whitehouse, 1962,1975Gerver & de Brain, 1996;Moreno et al, 1998;Paul et al, 1998), we choose the left side of the body, and in sports medicine (Peters et al, 1994;Eliakim et al, 1997;Katzmarzyk et al, 1999) and in North America (Johnston et al, 1988;Must et al, 1991;Sangi & Mueller, 1991), the right side of the body is used. Some papers even show data from both sides (Lean et al, 1996) and others use the non-dominant side of each individual (Barker et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropometric measurements in both sides of the body in the assessment of nutritional status in prepubertal children

et al. 2002

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Objective: To analyze the impact of choosing the left or the right side of the body on the anthropometric measurements and derived nutritional indices, in prepubertal children. Design: Cross-sectional pilot nutrition survey. Setting: General prepubertal school-age population. Subjects: One-hundred and sixty-four children (97 boys and 67 girls) aged 7 -9 y. Interventions: None. Results: The agreement between anthropometric measurements in both sides of the body showed that in males and in females, suprailiac skinfold thickness and arm circumference were significantly higher in the left than in the right side of the body. The agreement between body composition assessed by anthropometric measurements in both sides of the body showed that only in males was arm muscle area significantly higher in the left than in the right side, and arm fat percentage was higher in the right than in the left side of the body. Total body fat percentage calculated from skinfold thickness did not show statistically significant differences when skinfolds were obtained in the both sides of the body, either in boys and in girls. Conclusions: Our results show that differences between the sides of the body were lower than the technical error of measurement of the anthropometric measurements obtained and seem not to be biologically significant in this age group. It is necessary to standardize the method of anthropometric assessment of the nutritional status in terms of body side. Sponsorship: Universidad de Zaragoza (216-17).

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“…5 Serial excision Key point d Data regarding serial excision is sparse, but anecdotal reports indicate positive outcomes Staged excision has been advocated for large CMNs for more than a century, based on the rationale that smaller procedures give the skin a chance to stretch gradually, thereby increasing the likelihood of a good outcome. 10,11 Fujiwara et al 10 recommend excision between 6 months and 2 years of age. They note that the skin is most elastic early in life and that subcutaneous fat is at its thickest during this time, 10,11 but others have not found better outcomes with early intervention.…”

Section: Full-thickness Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%