The need to expand the horizons of the practical aspects of memory movement

Herrmann, Douglas J.; Gruneberg, Michael M.

doi:10.1002/acp.2350070702

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is extremely time consuming but we need this kind of 'qualitative' data to help us understand what is going on (see Bekerian and Dennett, 1993). The present study attempted to bridge the gaip between basic and ecologically valid research (see Herrmann and Gruneberg (1994) for a general discussion as to the importance of this). In doing so, it has raised ,some serious concerns about the application of data elicited in laboratory studies of CI where the interviewers were students.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding the effects of interviewer training in evaluating the cognitive interview

Memon

Holley

Milne

et al. 1994

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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The effectiveness of the cognitive interview (CI) technique has been demonstrated in experimental studies of eyewitness memory conducted in the USA, Germany, and the UK. Much of the research, however, has used college students as interviewers rather than professionals who regularly interview witnesses (e.g. police officers). The aim of this research was to examine the effects of such CI training using experienced police olficers with established interviewing styles. An armed robbery was staged and information was elicited in witness interviews. The CI did not significantly increase correct recall but tended to produce more suppositions and errors. A qualitative analysis of interviewer behaviour showed that many officers had difficulty in applying the new cognitive techniques and in avoiding the use of closed and leading questions. The paper addresses two issues: first, that of training experienced police officers who have received relatively little prior training in investigative interviewing, and second, the extent to which we can generalize from the laboratory data elicited in previous studies of CI.In 1992 all police officers in England and Wales were given a 57-page booklet on investigative interviewing produced by a team of experienced detectives on behalf of the Association of Chief Police Officers and the Home Office (the relevant government ministry). The booklet recommended cognitive interview (CI) techniques and described them. The CI is a procedure for conducting interviews that has emerged from psychological knowledge and research about the organization and access of information from memory. The CI has the potential to be tested and refined for application in several fields. The most notable application of the CI is in police interviews of witnesses (Fisher, Geiselman, and Ama.dor, 1989;George, 1991). This, together with earlier research using college students as interviewers, (Geiselman, Fisher, Mackinnon, and Holland 1985) suggests that following a brief training (ranging from a few hours to two days), it is possible for interviewers to produce substantial We are grateful for the assitance of Roy Pritchard and Mark !:mith (Dorset Police Training School, Headquarters, Winfrith) in the organization and running of the study, and to Muriel Maupoint and Patrick Gwyer for their help with codinglscoring of transcripts. Thanks also to Inspector Richard George and anonymous reviewers for their comments on this paper, and to Orla Cronin for her contribution to the construction of training and evaluation materials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards understanding the effects of interviewer training in evaluating the cognitive interview

Memon

Holley

Milne

et al. 1994

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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“…The results of the faculty survey (Hertel, 1988), for example, partly converge with the findings from the laboratory; faculty confidence was positively correlated with the amount and organization of external memory. Herrmann and Gruneberg's (1993, this issue) point, as I take it, is to advise memory researchers to confront the logical and methodological difficulties associated with lack of control in order to ask important questions about how memory operates in the real world. Plainly, the real world is full of external memory, and people are constrained by time and cognitive limitations to use it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of external memory for investigations of mind

Hertel

1993

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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External memory–records of experiences that are maintained in repositories that are external to their users–provides context for many everyday cognitive acts. Some initial research has shown that such context influences learning, remembering, and judgements of knowing. The scope of both basic and applied memory research should be broadened in ways that address issues about the interaction of external memory and mind.

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“…Both those affiliated with psychological and consumer research have expressed concern regarding the epistemological, methodological and view of human nature underlying their respective approaches to empirical research on cognition (Herrmann and Gruneberg, 1993; Shimp, 1994; Sternberg and Grigorenko, 1997; Straughan and Roberts, 1999; Wagner, 2003; Wells, 1993). Concomitant with this concern, and despite some four decades of intensive consumer research, our knowledge about the information search behavior of consumers in relation to buying decisions or how they develop expertise in the process of choice behavior remains limited (Alba et al , 1991; Aoyagi‐Usui et al , 2003; Bettman et al , 1991; Gatersleben et al , 2002; Mitchell and Dacin, 1996; Moorthy et al , 1997; Parkash, 2002; Prelec et al , 1997; Sheth, 1992; Wagner, 2003; Wells, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropology and consumer research: qualitative insights into green consumer behavior

Tadajewski

Wagner‐Tsukamoto

2006

Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal

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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new qualitative method that is theoretically underpinned by cognitive anthropology. This research strategy is introduced to further advance the understanding of complex green consumer behavior – in this case life‐cycle analysis.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examines the contextual aspects of problem‐solving behavior of green, environmentally concerned consumers. Cognitive anthropology develops a different, yet complementary, understanding of consumer cognition to a psychological approach. Through the concepts of practical thinking and bricolage, cognition and behavior are conceptualized on a contextual basis. Such an approach encourages a reassessment of how consumer research has traditionally conceptualized problem framing, information search, information processing and related concepts. The paper draws upon in‐depth, qualitative interviews with a wide range of green consumers from both the UK and Germany.FindingsThe findings provide some interesting clues regarding the nature of information search and information processing. In the sample, the green consumers of the top clusters were able to see and retrieve life‐cycle information as it was offered by a shopping context and it was this context, as it is perceived by the bricoleur that ultimately limits information search and processing. Within the “objective” bounds of a choice context, skilful practical thinking and bricolage was shown in different degrees amongst the clusters, with considerable creativity shown in “seeing” life‐cycle information.Research limitations/implicationsGiven that the research outlined in this paper is mono‐paradigmatic, it is suggested that a future avenue for research in green consumer behavior would be the use of a multiple paradigm approach.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines a stepping approach to marketing communications directed towards the green, or potentially green consumer, suggesting that some form of community based social marketing program might be a useful educational tool given the findings presented.Originality/valueThe introduction of a new research strategy – cognitive anthropology to the study of green consumer behavior.

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The need to expand the horizons of the practical aspects of memory movement

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Towards understanding the effects of interviewer training in evaluating the cognitive interview

Towards understanding the effects of interviewer training in evaluating the cognitive interview

Implications of external memory for investigations of mind

Anthropology and consumer research: qualitative insights into green consumer behavior

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