The Needle in the Haystack for Theory of High-Temperature Superconductivity: Negative Nuclear Magnetic Moments

Abstract

A prior theory for high temperature superconductivity (HTSC) was given based on substances having nuclei of nonzero nuclear magnetic moments (NNM) for strong relativistic reversible, nonclassical scattering of superconducting Cooper pairs beyond 40K limit for recovery of the coupling due to the nonzero NMM of atoms in the heat bath. Type II and type I superconductors were reasoned to involve relativistic, quantal, fractionally fissing and fusing nuclei of both positive and negative NMM for more effectively transforming thermal energy to gravitational, magnetic and quantum energies for effecting superconductivity and superfluidity. On the basis of such model, all high temperature superconductivity was explained and the critical temperature (Tc) and its variation by elemental and isotopic compositions were reasoned. This prior 2005 theory and model is supported by recent 2018 observations of superconductivity in silver nanoparticles of all negative NMM in gold matrix of all positive NMM. New superconductors of elements and compounds are predicted on the basis of enriching isotopes of positive and negative NMM in such substances.

Explaining Pomeranchuk Effect by Parity of Magnetic Moments of Leptons and Hadrons for Superconductivity in <sup>3</sup>He and Graphene

“…This controversial experimental study has not been replicated. But the author has for more than two years [6] reasoned the theoretical possibility of such by the theory here as the gold has 100% positive NMMs and the silver has 100% negative NMMs for balance of the NMMs and as further developed here the electronic configurations of both Ag and Au have filled 5s and 4d and 6s and 5d subshells for available empty 5p and 6p orbitals, respectively, of un-gerade parity for hosting the higher temperature superconductivity. Au has one stable isotope with nonzero NMM: 197 Au with +0.148 NMM with spin 3/2 at 100% relative abundance.…”

“…And then some carbon compounds as M-C 60 (with M = K, Rb, and Cs at high pressures) and YbPdBC manifest even higher T c than the Nb compounds and this can be reasoned by the model theory here by the p orbitals and lower prin- and converting thermal energies to electric and magnetic energies and even quantum energies [6]. On the basis of this, the author has proposed in the past…”

“…The author notes various substances differ in gas to liquid transformations depending on their isotopic compositions of spins and NMMs for inducing translating nuclei to rotating nuclei in liquid states from gaseous states and vice versa. Also, such NMMs facilitate the transformations of rotating nuclei to vibrating nuclei during freezing and vice versa by the author's model [1] [2] [3] [6].…”

“…The bi-layer and tri-layer graphene also have very low critical temperatures for superconductivity. But, moreover, 3 He has negative NMM and by the author's theory [6] [7], the negative NMMs cause both the Pomeranchuk Effect and the superconductivity and likewise in twisted bi-layer and tri-layer graphenes. So, again, the author's theory of magnetic moments of both positive and negative chiralties explain superconductivity [2] [6] [8].…”

“…Scientists at MIT a couple of years ago observed very, very low temperature superconductivity in twisted bi-layer graphene and in last year twisted tri-layer graphene by twisting the layers by about 1 degree angle [9]. But how is this twisted graphene superconductivity accounted for by the author's suggested needed negative [with prevalent positive] nuclear magnetic moments (NMMs) theory of superconductivity [6] [7]? Here the author demonstrates that the electrons give the negative magnetic moments by negative leptonic magnetic moments (LMMs) for balancing the positive NMMs of rare 13…”