The Negative Role of some Internal and External Factors (Pores, Heat, Pressure, and Internal Grains) in the Deterioration of Sandstone Building: An Applied Study on the Lower Walls of the Luxor Temple

Abstract

Stone buildings suffer many problems that affect their durability and strength. Sandstone is one of the most archaeological stones that are affected by various deterioration factors. Sandstone deterioration and the physical properties that play an important role in this deterioration, such as porosity, humidity, and drought were examined. Moreover, sandstone properties were studied using X-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy. The thermodynamics, strength, and elastic properties of rocks were investigated. The electrodynamics of sandstone was also studied to identify the extent of damage to the sandstone structure. The study also concluded that water has a mechanical effect Dangerous for sandstone.