The Negro and Crime

Johnson, Guy B.

doi:10.1177/000271624121700112

Cited by 89 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The most persuasive evidence is found in studies examining the use of the death penalty for rape, which revealed that capital punishment was primarily used for black men convicted of raping white women (Florida Civil Liberties Union 1964;Wolfgang and Reidel 1973). 6 Evidence of differential treatment is also found in pre-Furman studies of use of the death penalty for murder (Mangum 1940;Johnson 1941;Garfinkel 1949). Most of these studies were conducted in the South, and many uncovered evidence of both victim-based and defendant-based discrimination.…”

Section: B Empirical Research On Race and The Death Penaltymentioning

confidence: 96%

Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Spohn

2015

Crime and Justice

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Section: B Empirical Research On Race and The Death Penaltymentioning

confidence: 96%

Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Spohn

2015

Crime and Justice

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“…Significant differences in the severity of sentences imposed on blacks versus whites have been disclosed in previous investigations (Sellin, 1935;Johnson, 1941;Bullock, 1961;Wolfgang, Kelly, and Nolde, 1962;Green, 1964;and Thornberry, 1973). While several important extralegal sources of sentence variations have been identified, no evidence has been presented showing that factors entering into sentence decisions for blacks are any different from factors entering into decisions for whites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

Racial Identity, Length of Incarceration, and Parole Decision Making

Elion¹,

Megargee²

1979

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency

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Previous research has disclosed significant differences in the severity of sentences imposed on black and white offenders. This study investigated racial differences in black-white sentence patterns at the final stage of the criminal justice process, focusing on the actual amount of time served and the frequency of parole in a sample of 958 youthful offenders from a cohort of 1,345 consecutive admissions to a federal correctional institution.No racial differences were found in the actual amount of time served, but a significantly higher percentage of whites than blacks were granted parole. Blacks who were granted parole served a smaller portion of their sentences than did whites who were granted parole, but nonparoled blacks served a greater portion than did nonparoled whites. Discriminant function analysis did not show race to be significantly associated with decision to grant parole; instead, the primary factor was the entry sentence, with offenders sentenced to relatively short terms (less than eighteen months) being paroled less frequently than those with longer terms. Since blacks were more likely to have the shorter sentences, the racial difference in percentage granted parole was partly attributable to the severity of the sentence imposed originally.Examination of thirteen offender variables reflecting personal and social history, legal factors, and institutional adjustment measures revealed significant differences between paroled and nonparoled inmates but not between racial groups. Further discriminant analysis of factors associated with parole within black and white subsamples indicated that, of the thirteen variables

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“…From the number of studies on the subject, it is clear that special attention has been afforded to racial, ethnic, national, gender, and age disparities in sentencing (Bullock, 1961;Hagan, 1974;Hagan and Albonetti, 1982;Johnson, 1941;Kleck, 1981 ;Petersilia, 1983;Spohn et al, 1981-82;Zatz, 1984). Unfortunately, the majority of these studies has focused on the U.S. experience, and little attention has been paid to other societies: societies equally capable of providing a setting for the study of disparities in criminal justice.…”

Section: Inequality In the Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Israeli criminal justice system in action—Is justice administered differentially?

Fishman

Rattner

1997

J Quant Criminol

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IsThis study focuses on two major junctures in the Israeli criminal justice system, the preadjudication stage and the trial stage. The data are gathered from records accumulated during the period 1980 through 1992. For each year between 1980 and 1992, a random sample of 3637 persons, who had their first police contact during that year, was drawn from the computerized central file at Israeli Police Headquarters. A total of 40,007 individuals, with a total of 97,000 records, constituted the study population. The results identify which criminal records were most likely to be terminated prior to adjudication and which records, once adjudicated, were most likely to conclude in conviction. Major emphasis was placed on the issue of nationality--being an Arab or a Jew--while the effect of other variables, such as the type of offense and the time period, were controlled. The criminal justice system was found to be less discriminating at the early stages of the criminal process, but as the offender moved along the process, the chances that nationality would play an important part increased.

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The Negro and Crime

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Race, Crime, and Punishment in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Racial Identity, Length of Incarceration, and Parole Decision Making

The Israeli criminal justice system in action—Is justice administered differentially?

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