The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes.

Leventhal, Tama; Brooks‐Gunn, Jeanne

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.309

Cited by 2,849 publications

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References 128 publications

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“…Neighborhoods constitute a key determinant of racial and socioeconomic disparities in health, as they shape individual opportunities and expose residents to multiple risks and resources over the lifecourse (Leventhal & Brooks-Gunn, 2000;Sampson, 2003). A growing literature has shown that the neighborhood environment is associated with reproductive health outcomes, and recent studies suggest that neighborhood poverty aggravates the increasing risk of low birthweight with maternal age (J. W. Collins, Simon, Jackson, & Drolet, 2006;Geronimus, 1992;Rauh, Andrews, & Garfinkel, 2001).…”

Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood influences on the association between maternal age and birthweight: A multilevel investigation of age-related disparities in health

Cerdá

Buka

Rich‐Edwards

2008

Social Science & Medicine

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It was hypothesized that the relationship between maternal age and infant birthweight varies significantly across neighborhoods and that such variation can be predicted by neighborhood characteristics. We analyzed 229,613 singleton births of mothers aged 20-45 from Chicago, USA in 1997USA in -2002. Random coefficient models were used to estimate the between-neighborhood variation in age-birthweight slopes, and both intercepts-and-slopes-as-outcomes models were used to evaluate area-level predictors of such variation.The crude maternal age-birthweight slopes for neighborhoods ranged from a decrease of 17 grams to an increase of 10 grams per year of maternal age. Adjustment for individual-level covariates reduced but did not eliminate this between-neighborhood variation. Concentrated poverty was a significant neighborhood-level predictor of the age-birthweight slope, explaining 44.4 percent of the between-neighborhood variation in slopes. Neighborhoods of higher economic disadvantage showed a more negative age-birthweight slope. The findings support the hypothesis that the relationship between maternal age and birthweight varies between neighborhoods. Indicators of neighborhood disadvantage help to explain such differences. Keywords birth weight; maternal age; poverty; social environment; socioeconomic factors; multi-level modeling Low birthweight presents an important public health concern. Weight at birth is a good indicator of a mother's and an infant's nutritional status, as well as the newborn's chances for survival, growth, and long term health and psychosocial development. Studies have linked low birthweight to intellectual and cognitive delays (Boardman, Powers, Padilla, & Hummer, Corresponding Author: mcerda@umich.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. The risk of low birthweight is unevenly distributed along social and economic lines, such as race and socioeconomic position. Infants of African-American women, for example, are twice as likely to be low birthweight as infants of White women (CDC, 2002). Much less investigated are the social disparities found in the risk of low birthweight associated with increasing maternal age. In this paper, we bring together research on the impact of urban neighborhoods on the health and development of residents with research on racial/ethnic and social disparities in health across the life course, to explore the systematic geographic patterning of the association between maternal age and birthweight. NIH Public AccessNeighborhoods constitute a key determinant of racial and socioeconomic disparities in...

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Section: Nih Public Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood influences on the association between maternal age and birthweight: A multilevel investigation of age-related disparities in health

Cerdá

Buka

Rich‐Edwards

2008

Social Science & Medicine

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“…[8][9][10] This results in neighborhoods wherein a wide array of illegal behavior, including drug use, may be reinforced. 11,12 Neighborhood disorganization can also lead to a lack of trust and solidarity among residents, making it unlikely that neighbors will intervene on behalf of the community. 13 In some instances where neighborhood disorder becomes severe, "the law of the streets" may prevail over the will of the residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Environment and Urban African American Marijuana Use during High School

et al. 2014

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African American male high school students have the highest rates of marijuana use among all racial, ethnic, and gender groups, yet there is limited research examining contextual factors salient to the African American community. The purpose of this study was to examine how neighborhood environment measured in 8th grade is related to longitudinal transitions in marijuana use during high school (9th to 12th grades) in a sample of urban African Americans. Four hundred and fifty-two African American children were interviewed annually beginning in 1st grade as part of a longitudinal field study in Baltimore city. Latent transition analysis indicated early in high school posed the greatest risk for initiation and progression of marijuana use. Community violence exposure was associated with an increased likelihood of transitioning from no marijuana use to infrequent use (adjusted odds ratios (AOR)=2.40, pG0.001). Higher perceived neighborhood disorder (AOR=3.20, p= 0.004), drug activity and sales in the neighborhood (AOR=2.28, p=0.028), and community violence exposure (AOR=4.54, pG0.001) were associated with an increased risk of transitioning from no use to frequent/problematic marijuana use. There was evidence for partial mediation of these associations by perceptions of harm and depressed mood. Drug activity and sales was associated with progression from infrequent to frequent and problematic use (AOR=2.87, p=0.029). African American youth living in urban environments with exposure to drug activity, violence, and neighborhood disorder are at increased risk for both initiation and progression to more frequent and problematic marijuana use during high school. These findings highlight the need to develop interventions for African American youth that are mindful of the impact of the additional stressors of living in a highrisk urban environment during a critical developmental transition period. Reducing exposure to drug activity and violence in high-risk urban neighborhoods may be the first step to potentially halt increasing rates of marijuana use among African Americans.

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“…16 Research has established many negative outcomes associated with such disadvantaged neighborhood conditions. 12,15,17,18 Place-based interventions have the potential to influence a Bculture of health^that supports healthy lifestyles at home, work, play, and in the places in-between, 2 and that impacts population-scale health and safety. Moreover, the influence of placebased changes often occur without asking would-be beneficiaries to change their habits, adhere to treatment regimens, or remember classroom training they may have once received.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety

2015

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Place-based programs are being noticed as key opportunities to prevent disease and promote public health and safety for populations at-large. As one key type of place-based intervention, nature-based and green space strategies can play an especially large role in improving health and safety for dwellers in urban environments such as US legacy cities that lack nature and greenery. In this paper, we describe the current understanding of place-based influences on public health and safety. We focus on nonchemical environmental factors, many of which are related to urban abandonment and blight. We then review findings from studies of nature-based interventions regarding impacts on health, perceptions of safety, and crime. Based on our findings, we suggest that further research in this area will require (1) refined measures of green space, nature, and health and safety for cities, (2) interdisciplinary science and cross-sector policy collaboration, (3) observational studies as well as randomized controlled experiments and natural experiments using appropriate spatial counterfactuals and mixed methods, and (4) return-on-investment calculations of potential economic, social, and health costs and benefits of urban greening initiatives. KEYWORDS Urban nature, Green space, Place-based interventions, Public health, CrimeThere is growing support of place-based programs to help prevent disease and promote public health and safety. [1][2][3][4][5] This movement is largely motivated by increasing findings that public health interventions targeted at individuals or behaviors have limited effect on health and safety outcomes at a population scale. 6 For example, educational programs that promote behavioral change among very specific, targeted population groups may not impact broader societal issues such as the actual contexts within which unhealthy behaviors like tobacco use, lack of exercise, poor diet, distracted driving, and violence occur. 7-9 Moreover, programmatic impact is rarely sustained beyond the small study populations that are targeted. When funding ends, program impact thus also often ends unless, in very rare instances, the program itself somehow becomes institutionalized or part of a larger social norm.Place-based programs rest on increasing evidence that in addition to biological and individual attributes, everyday environments have a potentially strong and Kondo is with the USDA-Forest Service, Northern Research Station,

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The neighborhoods they live in: The effects of neighborhood residence on child and adolescent outcomes.

Cited by 2,849 publications

References 128 publications

Neighborhood influences on the association between maternal age and birthweight: A multilevel investigation of age-related disparities in health

Neighborhood influences on the association between maternal age and birthweight: A multilevel investigation of age-related disparities in health

Neighborhood Environment and Urban African American Marijuana Use during High School

Nature-Based Strategies for Improving Urban Health and Safety

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