The Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS): Introduction to a novel, standardized, wide-range, high-quality, realistic picture database

Abstract

Selecting appropriate stimuli to induce emotional states is essential in affective research. Only a few standardized affective stimulus databases have been created for auditory, language, and visual materials. Numerous studies have extensively employed these databases using both behavioral and neuroimaging methods. However, some limitations of the existing databases have recently been reported, including limited numbers of stimuli in specific categories or poor picture quality of the visual stimuli. In the present article, we introduce the Nencki Affective Picture System (NAPS), which consists of 1,356 realistic, high-quality photographs that are divided into five categories (people, faces, animals, objects, and landscapes). Affective ratings were collected from 204 mostly European participants. The pictures were rated according to the valence, arousal, and approach–avoidance dimensions using computerized bipolar semantic slider scales. Normative ratings for the categories are presented for each dimension. Validation of the ratings was obtained by comparing them to ratings generated using the Self-Assessment Manikin and the International Affective Picture System. In addition, the physical properties of the photographs are reported, including luminance, contrast, and entropy. The new database, with accompanying ratings and image parameters, allows researchers to select a variety of visual stimulus materials specific to their experimental questions of interest. The NAPS system is freely accessible to the scientific community for noncommercial use by request at http://naps.nencki.gov.pl.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0379-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Already in 1999, Proctor and Vu provided an index of norms and ratings published in the Psychonomic Society journals between 1965 and 1999, which included 142 sets, mostly of verbal materials. We can also find normative data for a variety of visual stimuli, from simple line-drawing sets (e.g., Cycowicz, Friedman, Rothstein, & Snodgrass, 1997;Snodgrass & Vanderwart, 1980) to complex real-life pictures depicting a broad range of contents, such as people, animals, or objects (e.g., Dan-Glauser & Scherer, 2011;Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2008;Marchewka, Zurawski, Jednorog, & Grabowska, 2013;Prada, Cunha, Garcia-Marques, & Rodrigues, 2010). A considerable number of databases with normative ratings of human faces are also available in the literature (e.g., Ebner, Riediger, & Lindenberger, 2010;Goeleven, De Raedt, Leyman, & Verschuere, 2008;Langner et al, 2010).…”

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“…Fotografije su preuzete iz IAPS i NAPS baze, koje su konstruisane po principima mernog instrumenta i variraju prema dimenzijama emotivnog doživljaja i kvaliteta emocija. Obe baze prošle su fazu validacije i imaju dobre metrijske karakteristike [18,19]. Dok je kreativnost odgovora bila zavisna promenljiva, kao nezavisne promenljive testirane su: bliskost sadržaja, vreme reakcije, pobuđenost, valenca (hedonički ton), sreća, tuga, strah, iznenađenje, bes i gađenje.…”

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“…Uporabili smo čustveno nasičene slike iz treh preverjenih zbirk s standardiziranimi ocenami valence in vzburljivosti: mednarodne -IAPS (Lang, Bradley in Cuthbert, 2008), Nencki -NAPS (Marchewka, Zurawski, Jednorog in Grabowska, 2014) in ženevske -GAPED (Dan-Glauser in Scherer, 2011). Slike smo obrezali v okroglo obliko in pomanjšali na premer 200 pikslov.…”