The Neolithic burial sequence at Flintbek LA 3, north Germany, and its cart tracks: a precise chronology

Mischka, Doris

doi:10.1017/s0003598x00068289

Cited by 34 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Finally, an even later megalithic expansion occurred in the second half of the fourth millennium in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia (22–24). In the Mediterranean, there is a megalithic revival in the second millennium cal BC in the Balearic Islands, Apulia, and Sicily.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe

Paulsson

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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There are two competing hypotheses for the origin of megaliths in Europe. The conventional view from the late 19th and early 20th centuries was of a single-source diffusion of megaliths in Europe from the Near East through the Mediterranean and along the Atlantic coast. Following early radiocarbon dating in the 1970s, an alternative hypothesis arose of regional independent developments in Europe. This model has dominated megalith research until today. We applied a Bayesian statistical approach to 2,410 currently available radiocarbon results from megalithic, partly premegalithic, and contemporaneous nonmegalithic contexts in Europe to resolve this long-standing debate. The radiocarbon results suggest that megalithic graves emerged within a brief time interval of 200 y to 300 y in the second half of the fifth millennium calibrated years BC in northwest France, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic coast of Iberia. We found decisive support for the spread of megaliths along the sea route in three main phases. Thus, a maritime diffusion model is the most likely explanation of their expansion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe

Paulsson

2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…While this tentative pattern may partly reflect the actual rapidity with which this technology spread across Eurasia, it has also complicated attempts to identify its origins . However, a less conspicuous occurrence of the wheel and axle combination appears to predate the emergence of cattle‐drawn carts and wagons by at least a couple of centuries.…”

Section: Recognizing Play Objects and Object Play In The Archeologicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these aspects of material culture are usually discussed exclusively in terms of socialization, 64 While this tentative pattern may partly reflect the actual rapidity with which this technology spread across Eurasia, it has also complicated attempts to identify its origins. 65,66 However, a less conspicuous occurrence of the wheel and axle combination appears to predate the emergence of cattle-drawn carts and wagons by at least a couple of centuries. In Tripolye culture contexts of the northwestern Pontic region (mainly present-day Ukraine) dating to the first half of the sixth millennium BP, a range of small zoomorphic ceramic vessels are found, which seem to have been equipped with holes for axles ( Figure 4).…”

Section: Re Cog Ni Zi N G P L Ay Obj E Cts a N D Obj Ec T P L Ay I mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of play objects and object play in human cognitive evolution and innovation

Riede

Johannsen

Högberg

et al. 2018

Evolutionary Anthropology

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In this contribution, we address a major puzzle in the evolution of human material culture: If maturing individuals just learn their parental generation's material culture, then what is the origin of key innovations as documented in the archeological record? We approach this question by coupling a life‐history model of the costs and benefits of experimentation with a niche‐construction perspective. Niche‐construction theory suggests that the behavior of organisms and their modification of the world around them have important evolutionary ramifications by altering developmental settings and selection pressures. Part of Homo sapiens' niche is the active provisioning of children with play objects — sometimes functional miniatures of adult tools — and the encouragement of object play, such as playful knapping with stones. Our model suggests that salient material culture innovation may occur or be primed in a late childhood or adolescence sweet spot when cognitive and physical abilities are sufficiently mature but before the full onset of the concerns and costs associated with reproduction. We evaluate the model against a series of archeological cases and make suggestions for future research.

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“…15 The combined 14 C dates obtained for the Rudki-type double spiral ornament DSO_1 (Kałdus, Poland) (OxCal v. 4.3) Bronocice (Poland) is dated to 3635-3370 cal BC (with a 68.2% probability) (Bakker et al 1999). Relying on a radiocarbon result of 3420-3385 cal BC (with a 68.2% probability) from the wagon track remains discovered in Flintbek (Germany) (Mischka 2011(Mischka , 2013, a 3502-3363 cal BC date range (with a 68.2% probability) obtained for the ceremonial pit no. 1186 (see Tables 1 and 5) The importance of the motif incised on the amphora from Kałdus relies not only in the fact that it may represent a model of a wagon, but also in a possibility that it could have been inspired by the shape of the double spiral ornament.…”

Section: Contextual Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Back to the Eneolithic: Exploring the Rudki-type ornaments from Poland

Kowalski

Adamczak

Garbacz-Klempka

et al. 2019

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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For a long time, the Eneolithic attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments was contested by a wide academic audience, and therefore, this new and extraordinary category of the copper metalwork seemed to have fallen into scientific oblivion. In this paper, we contribute to the debate about cultural attribution of the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments considering their chemical and isotope characteristics (using ED XRF and MC-ICP-MS) and the manufacturing technology (OM, X-ray, CT). Noticeably, this study represents the first documented implementation of the lead isotope analysis (LIA) for the Eneolithic metalwork from Poland. The new scientific analyses give ground to the hypothesis that the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments were produced by the Baden culture metalworker(s) who practiced somewhere in the Carpathian Basin and who have used copper ore mined in the Slovak Ore Mountains (Špania Dolina-Banská Bystrica-Kremnica mine complex). These ornaments were redistributed towards the northern ecumene of the Baden culture complex. The new owners, the Funnel Beaker (TRB) culture communities from the region of modern Poland, deposited the ornaments in hoards (Kałdus, Przeuszyn and Rudki) during the mid-4th millennium BC. The results, furthermore, indicate that the so-called Baden spiral metalwork package must be now complemented by the Rudki-type double spiral ornaments. Remarkably, this package also found an echo in pottery decoration, as documented by a narrative scene incised on an amphora from Kałdus, which could be also interpreted as one of the earliest known proofs for the wagon transport in Europe, alongside the famous ones reported from Bronocice or Flintbek.

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The Neolithic burial sequence at Flintbek LA 3, north Germany, and its cart tracks: a precise chronology

Cited by 34 publications

References 6 publications

Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe

Radiocarbon dates and Bayesian modeling support maritime diffusion model for megaliths in Europe

The role of play objects and object play in human cognitive evolution and innovation

Back to the Eneolithic: Exploring the Rudki-type ornaments from Poland

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