The Neonatal Liver, Part 1: Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology

Diehl-Jones, William; Askin, Debbie Fraser

doi:10.1891/0730-0832.21.2.5

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The liver is the largest solid organ in the human body and is critical for carrying out numerous functions including metabolism of dietary compounds and pharmaceuticals, blood glucose regulation and the production of various clotting factors, serum proteins and bile [84]. Because of the important role played by the liver in metabolism, it is continuously exposed to a range of exogenous substances [85] with druginduced toxicity accounting for approximately 30-50% of acute liver failure cases [86].…”

Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in 3D is never flat: 3D models to optimise drug delivery

Fitzgerald

Malhotra

Curtin

et al. 2015

Journal of Controlled Release

195

126

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Section: Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Life in 3D is never flat: 3D models to optimise drug delivery

Fitzgerald

Malhotra

Curtin

et al. 2015

Journal of Controlled Release

195

126

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“…This pouch, known as hepatic diverticulum, penetrates the septum transversum of the diaphragm. The liver bud enlarges rapidly and then differentiates into two buds, which will give rise to right and left liver lobes [3] . Minor variations in the liver lobulation are not uncommon, but congenital anomalies are rare [4] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neglected right diaphragmatic hernia with transthoracic herniation of gallbladder and malrotated left liver lobe in an adult

Alshehri

Alshahrani

Neimatallah

2020

Radiology Case Reports

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Diaphragmatic hernias are commonly encountered in radiological practice, especially in pediatric patients. Delayed presentation of diaphragmatic hernias can occur in children and less frequently in adult patients. We present an extremely rare case of a 15-year-old male patient with recurrent attacks of cholestatic hepatitis who has been misdiagnosed to have primary sclerosing cholangitis and was planned for liver transplantation. On imaging, the patient was found to have neglected right diaphragmatic hernia causing hypogenesis of the right hemithorax and right lower lung lobe. A transthoracic herniation of gallbladder and malrotated left liver lobe is also diagnosed on imaging. Biliary dilatation with transition point at the diaphragmatic hernia neck was identified. Major hepatic anomaly such as liver malformation is an exceedingly rare case with only 3 reported cases in the literature. In our case, the patient suffered from recurrent cholestatic hepatitis and unfortunate misdiagnosis with primary sclerosing cholangitis, which have delayed his appropriate management. In addition, the patient was found to have interrupted IVC with azygos and hemiazygos continuation without evidence of heterotaxy syndrome.

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“…The liver has embryological origins from a ventral foregut diverticulum, and its development involves complex interactions between the mesoderm and the epithelial cells of the endoderm [9,10]. The liver is formed around vascular and biliary pedicles forming the lobules, sub-segments, segments, and lobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horizontal Liver Cleft: A Rare Anatomic Variant

Ting

Lim

2014

Am J Case Rep

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Patient: Female, 74Final Diagnosis: Horizontal liver cleftSymptoms: —Medication: —Clinical Procedure: —Specialty: SurgeryObjective:Congenital defects/diseasesBackground:Improvements in hepatobiliary surgical techniques, with increased usage of segmental and subsegmental re-section, make accurate preoperative radiological assessment delineation of the liver segments ever more crucial. Conventionally, this is done by drawing imaginary straight planes along the portal and hepatic veins. We herein report a rare case of a horizontal cleft between the superior and inferior liver segments seen on CT.Case Report: A 74-year-old female patient with a known medical history of ovarian cancer with peritoneal metastasis and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy was referred to our department for CT to assess disease response after treatment. On contrast-enhanced CT, apart from the ovarian cancer, the liver had a smooth, well-defined horizontally orientated cleft that broadly divided the organ into 2 halves. The cleft contained the right and left main portal veins, and consequently had a curved down-sloping configuration accommodating the curved course of these veins. This liver cleft was present from an earlier CT study performed 3 years ago, and there was no history of preceding liver surgery.Conclusions:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the anomaly of a horizontal liver cleft, which may be attributed to early cessation of the embryological formation of the liver. This liver cleft also illustrates the difficulties in liver segmentation using Couinaud’s classification.

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The Neonatal Liver, Part 1: Embryology, Anatomy, and Physiology

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Life in 3D is never flat: 3D models to optimise drug delivery

Life in 3D is never flat: 3D models to optimise drug delivery

Neglected right diaphragmatic hernia with transthoracic herniation of gallbladder and malrotated left liver lobe in an adult

Horizontal Liver Cleft: A Rare Anatomic Variant

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