The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New Genus<i>Reductoonops</i>(Araneae, Oonopidae)

Platnick, Norman I.; Berniker, Lily

doi:10.1206/3811.1

Cited by 1,710 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Our examination of the spinnerets of Althepus maechamensis did not reveal any extensive system of folded membranes that a 20x expansion would require. The same is true for the spinnerets of other species of Ochyrocera previously examined (Platnick et al, 1991;Hormiga et al, 2007;Pérez-González et al, 2016;Castanheira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Hormiga et al (2007) suggested that the parallel lines in ochyroceratids should be produced by the regularly spaced aciniform spigots in the posterior lateral spinnerets (PLS). It is remarkable that the spiders here reported making parallel lines belong to four spider families with an uncommon pattern of aligned spigots on the posterior spinnerets (Ledford & Griswold, 2010; Platnick et al, 1991). It is thus tempting to associate these parallel lines as produced in a single swath from the regularly spaced spigots, as Hormiga et al (2007) did.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Geometric regularity in webs of non‐orb‐weaving spiders

Ramı́rez

Wolff

Jäger

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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Geometric regularity of spider webs has been intensively studied in orb-weaving spiders, although it is not exclusive of orb weavers. Here, we document the geometrically regular, repetitive elements in the webs of the non-orb-weaving groups Leptonetidae and Telemidae for the first time. Similar to orb weavers, we found areas with regularly spaced parallel lines in the webs of Calileptoneta helferi, Sulcia sp., and cf. Pinelema sp. Furthermore, we provide a detailed account of the regular webs of Ochyrocera (Ochyroceratidae). The sections of the web with regularly disposed parallel lines are built as U-shaped modules reminiscent of orb webs. It has been suggested that the regularly spaced parallel lines in the webs of Ochyroceratidae and Psilodercidae may be produced in a single sweep of their posterior lateral spinnerets, which have regularly spaced aciniform gland spigots, perhaps involving expansion of the spinnerets. To test this hypothesis, we compared the spacing between parallel lines with the spacing between spigots, searched for expansible membranes in the spinnerets, and examined the junctions of regularly spaced lines. The distance between parallel lines was 10-20 times the distance between spigots, and we found no expansible membranes, and the intersection of parallel lines are cemented, which opposes the single sweep hypothesis. Furthermore, we found cues of viscid silk in the parallel lines of the psilodercid Althepus and broadened piriform gland spigots that may be responsible of its production. Finally, we evaluated the presence or absence of geometrically regular web elements across the spider tree of life. We found reports of regular webs in 31 spider families, including 20 families that are not orb weavers and hypothesize that the two basic aspects of regularity (parallel lines spaced at regular intervals, and radial lines spaced at regular angles) probably appeared many times in the evolution of spiders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Geometric regularity in webs of non‐orb‐weaving spiders

Ramı́rez

Wolff

Jäger

et al. 2023

Ecology and Evolution

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“…Other seemingly consistent male genital asymmetries have been described for three Panjange species of the lanthana group [11], Aschnaoonops marta [65], and at least six species of Paradysderina [21]. Likewise, female internal genitalia of Mesabolivar yuruani [17]; and some species of Ischnothryeus [67,68,93], Paradysderina [21], Reductoonops [70] and Triaeris [71] show asymmetries that seem to be consistent within their species. Nevertheless, either the number of specimens examined is low or variation within the species is not explicitly described making it difficult to confirm directionality.…”

Section: Directional Asymmetry (Da)mentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In contrast, recent revisionary studies on the oonopid genera Aschnaoonops, Escaphiella, Paradysderyna and Reductonoops [21,51,65,70] took special care in comparing the right and left male pedipalps revealing many more cases of genital asymmetry. In all of these, male pedipalps show consistent differences in bulb development and embolus shape between right and left (Fig 2e).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imperfect and askew: A review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

2020

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Bilateral asymmetry in the genitalia is a rare but widely dispersed phenomenon in the animal tree of life. In arthropods, occurrences vary greatly from one group to another and there seems to be no common explanation for all the independent origins. In spiders, genital asymmetry appears to be especially rare. Most known species show almost perfectly symmetrical genitals with the right and left sides being mirror images of each other. However, some examples of asymmetric genitalia have been studied and many other reports are scattered in the taxonomic literature. Based on a broad literature survey, we found several species in thirteen families with evidence of genital asymmetry, mostly expressed only in females. Our review suggests that spider genital asymmetries, although rare, are more common than previously thought and taxonomic descriptions and illustrations are a useful but not entirely reliable tool for studying them. Here we also report on directional asymmetry in the liocranid spider Teutamus politus, the first known case of morphologically asymmetric male genitals in Entelegynae spiders. Generalities, evolution and categorization of asymmetry in spiders are further discussed.

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“…Platnick & Berniker, 2014 (m, h) Araña de talla pequeña, 0.97 mm de longitud, se distribuye en Costa Rica y Panamá. En Costa Rica con amplia distribución, en la isla fue recolectada por primera vez en abril del 2013 (Platnick & Berniker, 2014).…”

Section: Familia Oonopidae Simón 1890unclassified

Aracnofauna (Arachnida) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies

Víquez

2020

RBT

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Introducción: Los arácnidos de la isla del Coco representan 50 especies, ubicadas en seis órdenes y 26 familias. El trabajo de actualización del conocimiento de la fauna de este grupo de animales en la isla inició no sistemáticamente hace más de 127 años, donde un escorpión se convirtió en el primer espécimen citado del grupo. Objetivo: Actualizar la lista de especies de arácnidos para la Isla del Coco, aportando nueva información sobre taxones poco conocidos y describiendo nuevas especies. Métodos: Durante dos expediciones, llevadas a cabo del 11 al 22 de abril 2013 y del 8 al 18 julio 2017, se recolectaron arácnidos con métodos manuales y trampas, se preservaron en etanol y se realizaron las identificaciones en laboratorio. Los rangos de distribución están basados en el catálogo de arañas del mundo, las identificaciones realizadas, se respaldan en la literatura específica citada para cada caso y las sugerencias biogeográficas presentadas de los grupos o especies tratadas, surgen del análisis de los patrones de distribución general que presenta el género o grupo citado. Resultados: Los hallazgos principales incluyen la adición de nuevos registros de especies para la isla, un orden, 11 familias y 29 especies, de las cuales tres son nuevas para la ciencia. Conclusiones: Es necesario continuar con el inventario de la aracnofauna de la isla, principalmente en los sectores que no han podido ser previamente muestreados. A nivel biogeográfico la fauna de arañas que habita la isla está mayormente relacionadas con Centroamérica, mientras que las especies de hábitos cosmopolitas posiblemente sean de reciente introducción.

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The Neotropical Goblin Spiders of the New GenusReductoonops(Araneae, Oonopidae)

Cited by 1,710 publications

References 13 publications

Geometric regularity in webs of non‐orb‐weaving spiders

Geometric regularity in webs of non‐orb‐weaving spiders

Imperfect and askew: A review of asymmetric genitalia in araneomorph spiders (Araneae: Araneomorphae)

Aracnofauna (Arachnida) de la Isla del Coco, Costa Rica, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies

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