The Nervous Control of Respiration in Kittens

Coombs, Helen C.; Pike, F. H.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1930.95.3.681

Cited by 25 publications

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“…2001). Evidence suggests that vagal innervation of the lung plays a key role in this vital process and several studies have shown that postnatal vagal denervation produces deleterious effects on ventilation as well as breathing patterns during the new- (Coombs &Pike, 1930;Schwieler, 1968;Fedorko et al 1988). This communication discusses the role of vagal innervation (a) in modulating the fetal breathing movements, (b) in establishing breathing during transition from the fetal to the neonatal period and (c) during the early neonatal period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…To date, very few studies have investigated the role of vagal innewation on neonatal control of breathing; however, these studies have consistently shown that vagal innervation plays a more important role in the control of breathing in newborns as compared with adults (Coombs & Pike, 1930;Schwieler, 1968;Duron & Marlot, 1980;Fedorko et al 1988;Delacourt et al 1995). Coonibs & Pike (1930) examined the effects of cervical vagotomy in anaesthetised, tracheotomised kittens.…”

Section: Vagal Innervation and Neonatal Control Of Breathing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their study, bilateral vagal denervation resulted in death within a few hours preceded by gasping and dyspnoea, even in kittens 40-50 days old. In contrast, bilateral cervical vagotomy resulted in a reduced respiratory rate in adult cats and the animals could live indefinitely (Coombs & Pike, 1930). Schwieler (1968) performed vagal denervation at various postnatal ages and investigated the differences with respect to changes in the respiratory pattern and postvagotomy levels of pH and P,l,co,.…”

Section: Vagal Innervation and Neonatal Control Of Breathing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

Lalani

Remmers

Hasan

2001

Experimental Physiology

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CONTENTS Summary BackgroundVagal feedback and fetal breathing movements (FBMs) Role of vagal innervation during transition from fetal to neonatal period SummaryAlthough vagal afferents are active during intrauterine life, vagal denervation does not lead to gross changes in the occurrence of fetal breathing movements. However, lack of volume feedback has profound and deleterious effects on pulmonary compliance and impairs gas exchange during the early neonatal period. Intrathoracic vagal denervation, which spares vocal cord paralysis and upper airway obstruction in spontaneously breathing unanaesthetised neonatal lambs, leads to reduced pulmonary compliance and persistent hypoxaemia. The underlying mechanisms of these adverse effects include slow breathing frequency, prolonged expiratory times, decreased augmented breaths and the inability to maintain dynamic functional residual capacity leading to progressive atelectasis and regional ventilationperfusion mismatch. Our data suggest that intrathoracic vagal denervation does not lead to pulmonary oedema in newborn lambs which most probably occurred because of upper airway obstruction in previous studies. We provide evidence that the vagal afferent fibre-receptor system provides critical feedback for the maintenance of normal breathing patterns and pulmonary gas exchange during the early neonatal period.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Vagal Innervation and Neonatal Control Of Breathing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vagal Innervation and Neonatal Control Of Breathing Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

Lalani

Remmers

Hasan

2001

Experimental Physiology

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“…The extent to whieh postal respiration eoinpcii'<!ites for the removal of (liajihragmatie activity is iiicoiistant (Gcscll and Mover,193]), but is in part related to the age of the expei-imental yiiinial. In young animals, where vsigotomy stops the 'liaphrapm, the thoracic inusculatuic does not adeqnately compensate until this sensitivity to vagotomy is lost with increaaintr u^c (Coombs and Pike, 1930). Simitar observations tliMt vagotomy may stop respiration have been made by Kcippiinyi aii'l Kleitman (19-7).…”

Section: The Organization Of the Central Respiratory Mecha/nismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vagal Reflex Influences on Central Respiratory Co‐ordination

Kerr

1950

Aust J Exp Biol Med

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A variety of vagal afterent endings presumably possessing the coiiimon property of being activated by changes iji lung volume, are found in the epithelia of the lung structures. The relationship of the afferent discharge frequencies of these endings to the phases of respiration suggests that during the inspiratory period the vagi conduct pulmonary afferent impnlses of increasing frequency which summate centrally and contribute in part to the initiation of expiration; the ovei'all eff' ect being one of shortening both the inspiratory and expiratory phases of respiration (Adrian, 1933;Partridge, 1933Partridge, , 1935Rijlant, 1933).Tlie Hering-Brener concept of respiratory control as elaborated by Head (1889) requirea two vaga] reflexes. One is inspiratory inhibitory on lung inflation, the otlier expiratory inhibitory on lung deflation, and although Kuowltoii and Larrabee (1946) have confirmed the earlier observations on two vagal flbre tyjjes concerned in respiration, the fibre groups having different thresholds and adaptations, there does not seem to be any agreement as to the origin or mechanism of the accelerating effect of lung deflation (Partridge. 1939; Hammoiida and AVilson, 1932 to 1933; Steffensen ct al., 1937). Siu-tion deflation, at best an nnphysiological procedure, may stimulate endings not normally associated with the Hering-Breuer reflex, Histologically, the lungs contain endings of varied apiiearance possibly capable of activating several different reflexes, unless they all respond to the common stimulus of lung deformation (Elftman, 1943). The fact that low frequency stinmlation of the central vagal strniip will produce acceleration of respiration while liigli frequoiicies are inhibitor (Rice, 1938), has been taken up by Wys.s (1946a). He has shown tliat the frequency conditioned reflex reversal is quite similar to, and even simpler than, that described for spinal reflexes, in that internuncial nenrones mediate their excitor or inhibitor effects ujion the respiratory motor neurones by virtue of differences in summative capacity. These effects are relayed by discrete regions within the medullii in the tractus solilarius and adjacent i)arts of the lateral reticular formation (Wyss, ]94(3b), wliilo tlie extent of their actions on the respiratory rhythm is moderated by a system which extends into the upper pons (Meier and Buclier, 1941;Bucher, 1942), since serial sectioning of the brain stem caudad from the lower portion of the inferior collieuli releases first the excitor then, at a lower level, the inhibitor actions of the vagal reflexes so that they become more exaggerated.

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“…At birth, the nervous control of breathing appears immature in animals (Coombs and Pike, 1930) as well as in man (Dawes and Mott, 1959), and is all the more so when the function is studied during sleep (Monod and Pajot, 1965;Dreyfus-Brisac, 1970;Finer et ai, 1976). The present histological study aims at delineat ing how immature the peripheral part of the control system of breathing is and how much this state contributes to the neonatal immatu rity of the nervous control of respiration in the 1 Attaché dc Recherche à l'lnserm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postnatal Maturation of Phrenic, Vagus, and Intercostal Nerves in the Kitten

Marlot¹,

Duron²

1979

Neonatology

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In the present work, we have compared the histological maturation of the phrenic nerve, the internal and external intercostal nerves of the 8th space and the vagus nerve. At least three nerves from each category have been taken from different kittens each week during the first 2 months of postnatal life, and each month for kittens aged between 2 and 8 months. Compared to references obtained in the adult animal, the development of the number and diameter of myelinated fibers has been studied for each nerve. Moreover, the maturation of unmyelinated fibers of the phrenic nerve has been studied with the electrom microscope. There is a possibility of a cephalo-caudal maturation in the somatic nerves. Important differences exist between somatic nerve maturation and that of the vagus nerve.

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The Nervous Control of Respiration in Kittens

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

Physiological Society Symposium – Vagal Control: From Axolotl to Man

Vagal Reflex Influences on Central Respiratory Co‐ordination

Postnatal Maturation of Phrenic, Vagus, and Intercostal Nerves in the Kitten

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