The net energy budget at the ocean‐atmosphere interface of the “Cold Tongue” region

Pinker, R. T.; Bentamy, Abderrahim; Zhang, Banglin; Chen, Wen; Ma, Yingtao

doi:10.1002/2016jc012581

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The observations from ORS meet challenges facing the satellite community. In this study, we found excellent Pinker, Bentamy, et al (2017) and Pinker, Grodsky, et al (2017)). Location of STRATUS buoy is also shown as a black dot.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Evaluating Surface Radiation Fluxes Observed From Satellites in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Pinker

Zhang

Weller

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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This study is focused on evaluation of current satellite and reanalysis estimates of surface radiative fluxes in a climatically important region. It uses unique observations from the STRATUS Ocean Reference Station buoy in a region of persistent marine stratus clouds 1,500 km off northern Chile during 2000–2012. The study shows that current satellite estimates are in better agreement with buoy observations than model outputs at a daily time scale and that satellite data depict well the observed annual cycle in both shortwave and longwave surface radiative fluxes. Also, buoy and satellite estimates do not show any significant trend over the period of overlap or any interannual variability. This verifies the stability and reliability of the satellite data and should make them useful to examine El Niño–Southern Oscillation variability influences on surface radiative fluxes at the STRATUS site for longer periods for which satellite record is available.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Correlations between Nino3 and (top) UMD_MODIS_SW (SW↓) and (bottom) UMD_MODIS_LW (LW↓) fluxes. Period: July 1983 to December 2012 (these longer time series are described in Pinker, Bentamy, et al () and Pinker, Grodsky, et al ()). Location of STRATUS buoy is also shown as a black dot.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Surface Radiation Fluxes Observed From Satellites in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Pinker

Zhang

Weller

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Reanalysis products are mostly comparable to each other due to their assimilation of common observations and their similar physical assumptions. Evaluation of the surface radiation fluxes with buoy observations in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean during 2000-2012 [75] and at the Pacific "Cold Tongue" of the Tropical Pacific Ocean concluded that satellite data match well with the observations which is followed by reanalysis data than the model data [72,74]. Pinker et al [70,73] compared the heat budgets derived at the ocean-atmosphere interface from satellites and blended products, with in situ observations in the Atlantic during [2003][2004][2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Evaluation of surface shortwave and longwave downwelling radiations over the global tropical oceans

Thandlam

Rahaman

2019

SN Appl. Sci.

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In the present study, daily downwelling shortwave (Q S ) and longwave radiation (Q L ) data from one satellite and two hybrid products have been evaluated using Global Tropical Moored Buoy Array during 2001-2009 in the tropical oceans. Daily satellite data are used from the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) program. Data are obtained using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) (CM) aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Coordinated Ocean Research Experiments (CORE-II) and Tropical Flux data (TropFlux) are the other two hybrid products used in this study.The analysis shows that majority of Q S observations as well as derived products lie in 200-300 Wm −2 range in all the three tropical oceans. Both Q S and Q L in all products overestimated the majority of the observations. Yet, they underestimated the lower (0-100 Wm −2 ) values in Q S and higher (300-440 Wm −2 ) values in Q L . Majority of the Q L observations lie within 390-420 Wm −2 range, and CM slightly overestimated this observed distribution in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. But, majority of the observations in the Indian Ocean lie within 420-450 Wm −2 range. This implies that the tropical Indian Ocean receives 30 Wm −2 more energy as compared to the tropical Pacific and the Atlantic in the form of downwelling longwave radiation. Daily observed Q S shows dominant seasonal cycle over the central, the eastern Pacific and the eastern Atlantic. On the other hand, the western Pacific, the central Atlantic and the Indian Oceans show intraseasonal variations. All products show this variation with high root-mean-square error (RMSE) values (Q S and Q L ) over the Indian Ocean than in the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. Downwelling radiation from CORE-II shows highest RMSE (for both Q S and Q L ) with least correlation coefficient (CC), and TropFlux has lowest RMSE and highest CC among all products in all three tropical oceans. CM has intermediate values of standard deviation, CC and RMSE. These results are not seasonally dependent, since the seasonal statistics are consistent with seasonal changes. Assuming that the SST is only driven by the downwelling shortwave and longwave fluxes, the errors associated with monthly SST can be as large as 0.2-0.3 (0.1-0.2) °C associated with errors in Q S (Q L ). Both Q S and Q L in CORE-II have lower spatial variability as compared to other datasets. Q L in the tropical oceans shows seasonal spatial variability determined by intertropical convergence zone positions. This variability does not change significantly over the Pacific and the Atlantic Oceans. The summer and winter monsoon patterns in the Indian Ocean guide the Q L variability. Opposite to Q S , higher Q L values have lower variability.Thus, this study aims at finding better radiation dataset to use in the numerical models and deduce that satellite data could be an alternative to existing reanalysis products.

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“…A recent study by Song and Yu [4] determined that heat flux diffusion, sun penetration, and zonal advection are the main factors that influence SST changes in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, in the eastern region, Pinker et al [5] identified significant temporal (seasonal) variations in the LHF and SHF over the Pacific cold tongue. Pinker et al [5] also suggested a relationship between SWR, which was affected by cloud cover, and LWR, which was affected by moisture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, in the eastern region, Pinker et al [5] identified significant temporal (seasonal) variations in the LHF and SHF over the Pacific cold tongue. Pinker et al [5] also suggested a relationship between SWR, which was affected by cloud cover, and LWR, which was affected by moisture. Furthermore, Abellan et al [6] compared the mechanism of the 2015/2016 El Niño event with the 1997/1998 El Niño event and observed that the zonal winds along the equatorial Pacific during the 2015/2016 event had a lower intensity than those during the 1997/1998 event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-layer Heat Budget in Western and Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean during El Niño Event in 2015/2016

2020

Makara J.Sci

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Temporal variation of mixed-layer heat budget at two contrasting locations, namely, western Pacific (warm water pool) and eastern Pacific (cold tongue) during the extreme El Niño phenomenon in 2015/2016 is evaluated. Oceanic and atmospheric datasets, including sea surface temperature (SST), wind stress, shortwave radiation (SWR), longwave radiation, latent heat flux (LHF), and sensible heat flux are analyzed. A slight warming occurred in the eastern tropical Pacific associated with a positive SST anomaly, which reflected the weakening or reversal of the trade winds. Meanwhile, the western tropical Pacific exhibited a cooling tendency during the development phase of El Niño. Analysis of the mixed-layer heat budget shows that the net heat flux due to SWR and LHF significantly contributes to the warming of the eastern tropical Pacific. The contribution from horizontal advection was extremely small on both sides. The analysis shows that the residual term significantly contributes to cooling (warming) tendency observed in the western (eastern) tropical Pacific. This condition may suggest that residual process due to entrainment and diffusivity played an important role in the evolution of cooling (warming) process in the western (eastern) tropical Pacific.

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The net energy budget at the ocean‐atmosphere interface of the “Cold Tongue” region

Cited by 9 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluating Surface Radiation Fluxes Observed From Satellites in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Evaluating Surface Radiation Fluxes Observed From Satellites in the Southeastern Pacific Ocean

Evaluation of surface shortwave and longwave downwelling radiations over the global tropical oceans

Mixed-layer Heat Budget in Western and Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean during El Niño Event in 2015/2016

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