The Neural Correlates Underlying Belief Reasoning for Self and for Others: Evidence from ERPs

Jiang, Qin; Wang, Qi; Hong, Li

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01501

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In addition, some studies have demonstrated that the LPC is associated with the theory of mind (ToM), which is an ability to think about and reason the mental states of both themselves and others. Researchers have proposed that both the belief and desire for reasoning for others are connected with an enhanced LPC ( Geangu et al , 2013 ; Jiang et al , 2016 ). Compared to proselfs, the prosocials have stronger ToM ability and altruistic motivations for others (Van Lange, 2000; Derks et al , 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social value orientation modulates the processing of outcome evaluation involving others

Mai

2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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Social value orientation (SVO) is a stable personality trait that reflects how people evaluate interdependent outcomes for themselves and others in social environments. Generally, people can be classified into two types: proselfs and prosocials. The present study examined how SVO affects the processing of outcome evaluation temporally using the event-related potential (ERP). Young adults with two different SVO types participated in a simple gambling task in which they received outcome distributions for themselves and others. The results showed that for the self outcomes, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) was more negative for self-loss than self-gain, and the P3 and late positive component (LPC) was larger for self-gain than self-loss in both prosocial and proself groups. For the other outcomes, however, the FRN, P3 and LPC were sensitive to other’s gain and loss only in the prosocial group but not in the proself group. These findings suggest that outcomes for oneself and others are processed differently at different stages of evaluation processing in the brains of individuals with distinct SVOs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social value orientation modulates the processing of outcome evaluation involving others

Mai

2017

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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“…For example, an fMRI study by Vogeley et al (2001) found that taking a self-perspective led to increased activity in the left temporal polar while modelling the mind of someone else led to increased activity in the right TPJ, respectively. Moreover, relevant ERP studies found a consistent divergence of ERP waveforms between mental states reasoning for self and for others (Jiang, Li, et al, 2016; Jiang, Wang, et al, 2016). These evidences suggested neural overlap as well as distinction in intention reasoning for self and for others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Based on the preceding review (Carrión et al, 2010; Gagnon et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2012, 2014), we expect that the ERP components associated with the intention reasoning might appear in the later time window after 400 ms onset of stimulus. In addition, with respect to decoupling effects observed in previous ERP studies on ToM reasoning for different agents (Jiang, Li, et al, 2016; Jiang, Wang, et al, 2016), we expect that the ERP waveforms will be differentiated between intention reasoning for self and for others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning: Electrophysiological evidence from ERPs

Jiang

Wang

2020

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Intention is a typical mental state in the theory of mind. However, to date, there have been theoretical debates on the conceptual structure of intention. The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning remains unclear. The present event-related potential (ERP) study had two purposes: first, to investigate the neural correlates of intention reasoning based on a differentiated conceptual structure distinguishing desire and intention; second, to investigate the neural basis of intention reasoning for different agents. Thus, we compared the neural activity elicited by intention reasoning for self and for others when the intention matched or mismatched the desire of the agent. The results revealed that three ERP components distinguished among different types of intention reasoning. A negative-going ERP deflection with right frontal distribution between 400 and 500 ms might reflect the cognitive conflict involved in intention reasoning, a right frontal late positive component might be associated with the categorization of agents, and a centro-parietal late slow wave might indicate the conceptual mental operations associated with decoupling mechanisms in intention processing. These findings implied the neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning and provided neural evidence for the differentiated conception of intention.

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“…The mPFC contains vmPFC and dmPFC. The vmPFC has typically been associated with self-referential processing, and the dmPFC has typically been associated with others-referential processing (Abu-Akel and Shamay-Tsoory, 2011 ; Denny et al, 2012 ; Jiang et al, 2016 ; Molenberghs et al, 2016 ). In our computational model, the mPFC is used to store the result of belief reasoning from ACC: the vmPFC stores the result of self-belief reasoning, and the dmPFC stores the other's belief reasoning.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As indicated in Green et al (2015) and Jiang et al (2016), the specific roles that brain areas have in the mentalization processes is not clear. Based on the neuroimaging studies as described above, we propose four pathways for robots learning from self-experience and uses it in the false-belief task, they are self-experience learning pathway, motivation understanding pathway, reasoning about one's own belief pathway and reasoning about other people's belief pathway.…”

Section: Architecture Of the Brain-tom Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brain-Inspired Model of Theory of Mind

et al. 2020

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Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others, and to understand that others have beliefs that are different from one's own. Although functional neuroimaging techniques have been widely used to establish the neural correlates implicated in ToM, the specific mechanisms are still not clear. We make our efforts to integrate and adopt existing biological findings of ToM, bridging the gap through computational modeling, to build a brain-inspired computational model for ToM. We propose a Brain-inspired Model of Theory of Mind (Brain-ToM model), and the model is applied to a humanoid robot to challenge the false belief tasks, two classical tasks designed to understand the mechanisms of ToM from Cognitive Psychology. With this model, the robot can learn to understand object permanence and visual access from self-experience, then uses these learned experience to reason about other's belief. We computationally validated that the self-experience, maturation of correlate brain areas (e.g., calculation capability) and their connections (e.g., inhibitory control) are essential for ToM, and they have shown their influences on the performance of the participant robot in false-belief task. The theoretic modeling and experimental validations indicate that the model is biologically plausible, and computationally feasible as a foundation for robot theory of mind.

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The Neural Correlates Underlying Belief Reasoning for Self and for Others: Evidence from ERPs

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Social value orientation modulates the processing of outcome evaluation involving others

Social value orientation modulates the processing of outcome evaluation involving others

The neural and cognitive time course of intention reasoning: Electrophysiological evidence from ERPs

A Brain-Inspired Model of Theory of Mind

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