The Neural Symptoms and Signs in Pernicious Anemia

Smithburn, K. C.; Zerfas, L. G.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1931.02230050176009

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is likely that the presence of common antigenic structures in groups of agents can at times be demonstrated more clearly by one technique than by another. Certainly there is no reason to doubt that the Japanese, St. Louis, and West Nile viruses belong in a related group (19) even though this was not shown in the current studies. Furthermore, although the Eastern and Western strains of equine encephalomyelitis are readily differentiated by the older techniques (21), under certain conditions they are indistinguishable by the complement-fixation technique.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

“…Furthermore, West Nile virus had not been employed previously in serological tests of this type and its relationship to the other neurotropic viruses warranted further study. It will be recalled that Smithburn (19) has recently shown, by means of neutralization tests, that the West Nile, St. Louis, and Japanese viruses give certain cross reactions. Moreover, Levkovich (20) had previously demonstrated a relationship between the agents of Russian and Japanese encephalitis.…”

Section: Specificity Of the Complement-fixation Reaction With The Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Complement Fixation With the Neurotropic Viruses

Havens

Watson

Green

et al. 1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Antigens capable of fixing complement specifically with the appropriate antibodies have been prepared from brain tissue of hamsters and mice infected with the viruses of St. Louis, Japanese, Western, and Eastern encephalitis, and with the West Nile virus. The antigens were freed of the material which reacts with normal serum by means of centrifugation at relatively high speed. In addition, the infectivity of the preparation was destroyed by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Cross reactions were demonstrated by means of the complement-fixation technique with materials from animals infected with the viruses of Eastern and Western equine encephalitis. No relationship was detectable by this procedure between St. Louis, Japanese, and West Nile viruses. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation and correlation of the immunological reactions of the groups of neurotropic viruses, since the equine agents are apparently unrelated when studied by neutralization and cross-immunity tests while these methods provide evidence of the presence of common antigenic structures in the St. Louis, Japanese, and West Nile agents.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 68%

Section: Specificity Of the Complement-fixation Reaction With The Neumentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement Fixation With the Neurotropic Viruses

Havens

Watson

Green

et al. 1943

Journal of Experimental Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over the past 15 years information has been gathered showing that by neutralization, complement-fixation, and cross-resistance tests, certain immunological relationships can be established among certain viruses in this group. Smithbum (39) showed a relationship to exist between Japanese B, St. Louis, and West Nile viruses; Casals and Webster (40) showed that louping ill and Russian Far Eastern viruses were closely connected, almost identical, agents. Sabin (41) found by complement fixation that the viruses of dengue Type 1, dengue Type 2, Japanese B, West Nile, and yellow fever had common antigenic constituents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemagglutination With Arthropod-Borne Viruses

Casals

Brown

1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

180

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Through the use of acetone and ether extraction of brain tissue from newborn mice infected with certain arthropod-borne viruses, it has been possible to demonstrate hemagglutinins for chick erythrocytes associated with the following viruses: dengue Type 1, dengue Type 2, Eastern equine encephalitis, Ilhéus, Japanese B, Ntaya, St. Louis, Sindbis, Uganda S, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, West Nile (Egypt 101 strain), Western equine encephalitis, and yellow fever (viscerotropic and neurotropic strains). On the basis of the temperature and pH required for reaction, the viruses can be assembled in two groups: A—those that require 37°C. and a pH of about 6.4, comprising Eastern, Venezuelan, and Western equine encephalitis and Sindbis viruses; and B—those that require either 4° or 22°C. and a pH of about 7.0, comprising dengue Types 1 and 2, Ilhéus, Japanese B, Ntaya, St. Louis, Uganda S, West Nile, and yellow fever viruses. A method of eliminating non-specific inhibitory substances present in sera was developed. The method consists essentially of filtration through Seitz pads. Extensive serological crossings were found among viruses of each group, while antisera of one group failed consistently to cross-react with antigens of the other. Antisera deriving from animals immunized with certain viruses for which no hemagglutinins could be developed by the present method, reacted with members of either one or the other group. Thus Semliki Forest virus would appear to belong to Group A, and Russian Far Eastern and louping ill viruses to Group B.

show abstract

“…The occurrence of optic atrophy as part of the syndrome of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord is distinctly uncommon (Woltmann, 1919;Smithburn and Zerfas, 1931;Young, 1932). A clinical review and resume of the literature was given by Turner (1940), who reported three cases and was the first writer to comment specifically on the characteristics of the visual field defects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Visual Field Defects in Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord

Benham¹

1951

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Neural Symptoms and Signs in Pernicious Anemia

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Complement Fixation With the Neurotropic Viruses

Complement Fixation With the Neurotropic Viruses

Hemagglutination With Arthropod-Borne Viruses

The Visual Field Defects in Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About