The neurite growth promoting protease nexin 1 in glial cells of the olfactory bulb of the gerbil: An ultrastructural study

Scotti, Alessandra L.; Hoffmann, Marie-Charlotte; Nitsch, Cordula

doi:10.1007/bf00414183

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Interestingly, the ONL of the olfactory bulb is the only site in the mammalian CNS where ACs also express glia-derived nexin (Scotti et al, 1994). Whether this reflects some special property of olfactory bulb ACs as a result of their close spatial association with OECs, or whether OEC function is influenced by surrounding ACs remains to be elucidated.…”

Section: Relationship Between Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Developmentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells

2005

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In the primary olfactory pathway, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) extend processes to envelop bundles of olfactory axons as they course towards their termination in the olfactory bulb. The expression of growth-promoting adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules by OECs, and their spatially close association with olfactory axons are consistent with OECs being involved in promoting and guiding olfactory axon growth. Because of this, OECs have been employed as a possible tool for inducing axonal regeneration in the injured adult CNS, resulting in significant functional recovery in some animal models and promising outcomes from early clinical applications. However, fundamental aspects of OEC biology remain unclear. This brief review discusses some of the experimental data that have resulted in conflicting views with regard to the identity of OECs. We present here recent findings which support the notion of OECs as a single but malleable phenotype which demonstrate extensive morphological and functional plasticity depending on the environmental stimuli. The review includes a discussion of the normal functional role of OECs in the developing primary olfactory pathway as well as their interaction with regenerating axons and reactive astrocytes in the novel environment of the injured CNS. The use of OECs to induce repair in the injured nervous system reflects the functional plasticity of these cells. Finally, we will explore the possibility that recent microarray data could point to OECs assuming an innate immune function or playing a role in modulating neuroinflammation.

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Section: Relationship Between Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Developmentioning

confidence: 96%

Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells

2005

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“…In addition to GDNF, Nogo and Slit-2, OECs produce numerous putative neuritogenic factors such as PN-1, AAP, L1 and bone morphogenetic protein 7 [52,53,54,55]. It is possible that like GDNF, many guidance factors produced by OECs may regulate both axonal extension and OEC migration.…”

Section: Regulation Of Oec Migration At a Molecular Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells during Development and Regeneration

Ekberg¹,

Amaya²,

Mackay‐Sim³

et al. 2012

Neurosignals

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The primary olfactory nervous system is unique in that it continuously renews itself and regenerates after injury. These properties are attributed to the presence of olfactory glia, termed olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). Evidence is now emerging that individual OEC populations exist with distinct anatomical localisations and physiological properties, but their differential roles have not been determined. Unlike other glia, OECs can migrate from the periphery into the central nervous system, and organised OEC migration can enhance axonal extension after injury. Despite this, the mechanisms regulating OEC migration are largely unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the roles of OECs in development and adulthood. We review the latest research describing the differences between individual OEC subpopulations and discuss potential regulatory mechanisms for OEC guidance and migration. Using advanced time lapse techniques, we have obtained novel insights into how OECs behave in a complex multicellular environment which we discuss here with particular focus on cell-cell interactions. Significantly, transplantation of OECs constitutes a promising novel therapy for nerve injuries, but results are highly variable and the method needs improvement. We here review the roles of transplanted OECs in neural repair of damaged neuronal tracts distinct from the primary olfactory nervous system.

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“…Within the nerve fiber layer (NFL) of the olfactory bulb, the plasma membranes of ensheathing cells and astrocytes frequently come into close contact with no intervening basal lamina (Doucette 1984(Doucette , 1990(Doucette , 1993aValverde and Lopez-Mascaraque 1991). At the electron microscopic level, Scotti et al (1994) noted the presence of gap junctions between astrocytes and ensheathing cells in the olfactory bulb of adult gerbils. Cx43 is most likely the connexin protein used to form these gap junctions, which allow ensheathing cells and astrocytes to communicate with one another along the CNS portion of the primary olfactory pathway.…”

Section: Expression Of a Non-myelinating Phenotype In Vivomentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Doucette (1990) suggested it was ensheathing cells that were responsible for its synthesis, and that it was an ideal molecular candidate for a chemotropic factor in the primary olfactory pathway. Subsequently, Scotti et al (1994) confirmed that the PN -1 protein was expressed by glial cells of the nerve fiber layer of the bulb, but they found its expression was not restricted to ensheathing cells. The astrocytes in this layer of the bulb, as well as in the adjacent part of the glomerular layer, also expressed the protein.…”

Section: Differentiation Into Mature Non-myelinating Cells: Postnatalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Griffiths et al (1995a) concluded that since ensheathing cells are non-myelinating glial cells, the putative role of DM-20 must not be related to myelination per se but rather be concerned with some aspect of glial cell development. Scotti et al (1994) used immunoelectron microscopy to examine the cellular localization of protease nexin-l (PN-I; also referred to as glia-derived nexin; see (Knauer et al 1987)) in the nerve fiber layer of the olfactory bulb of adult gerbils. This protease is a 43 Kd cell-secreted slow-binding inhibitor of trypsin, urokinase, thrombin, and plasminogen activator (Guenther et al 1985;Stone et al 1987).…”

Section: Differentiation Into Mature Non-myelinating Cells: Postnatalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Biology and Pathology of Myelin

1997

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Cell biology and pathology of myelln evolving biological concepts and therapeutic approaches I edited by Bernhard H.J. Juurlink •. ,. let a1.l.p. cm. --(Alschul symposia ser ies ; v. 4) Includes bibllographical references and index. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher v vi Preface dresses the cellular and molecular control over a glial cell's expression of the myelinating phenotype. The final part of the volume discusses evolving therapeutic approaches in the treatment of demyelinating/dysmyelinating diseases and for promotion of functional recovery after spinal cord injury. After reading the chapters in this volume, the reader will agree that over the last decade we have come a long way in unraveling the cell-cell interactions that govern gene expression involved in myelination and axonal growth. Understanding the mechanisms that govern these cell-cell interactions is opening the path to the development of rational and effective neurotherapies in the area of demyelinating/dysmyelinating diseases and spinal cord injuries.The symposium, using seed monies from the Altschul Trust Fund, could not have been held without the generous financial support of the following funding agencies and corporations

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The neurite growth promoting protease nexin 1 in glial cells of the olfactory bulb of the gerbil: An ultrastructural study

Cited by 12 publications

References 27 publications

Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells

Morphological and functional plasticity of olfactory ensheathing cells

The Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells during Development and Regeneration

Cell Biology and Pathology of Myelin

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