The Neuroanatomy of Remote Memory

Bayley, Peter J.; Gold, Jeffrey J.; Hopkins, Ramona O.; Squire, Larry R.

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.04.034

Cited by 159 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 61 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

128

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These results are consistent with evidence from patients with retrograde amnesia which suggest that the hippocampus is necessary for retrieving episodic AMs but less important for semantic AMs (although see Bayley, Gold, Hopkins, & Squire, 2005; for reviews see Nadel & Moscovitch, 1997). On the other hand, it might not be the type of memory per se that is critical in the engagement of MTL (Ryan, Cox, Hayes, & Nadel, 2008), but rather the vividness associated with retrieval (although seeBayley, Hopkins, & Squire, 2003;e.g., Steinvorth, Levine, & Corkin, 2005).…”

Section: Relivingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autobiographical memory (AM) refers to memory for events from our own personal past. Functional neuroimaging studies of AM are important because they can investigate the neural correlates of processes that are difficult to study using laboratory stimuli, including: complex constructive processes, subjective qualities of memory retrieval, and remote memory. Three functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are presented to examine these important contributions of AM. The first study investigates the neural correlates of temporal-order memory for autobiographical events using a novel photo paradigm. Participants took photographs at many campus locations over a period of several hours, and the following day they were scanned while making temporal-order judgments to pairs of photographs from different locations. It was found that temporal-order decisions associated with recollection recruited left prefrontal (PFC) and left posterior parahippocampal cortex, whereas temporal-order decisions relying on familiarity recruited greater activity in the right PFC.The second study examines self-projection, the capacity to re-experience the personal past and to mentally infer another person's perspective. A novel camera technology was used to examine self-projection by prospectively generating dynamic visuospatial images taken from a first-person perspective. Participants were literally asked to self-project into the personal past or into the life of another person. Selfv projection of one's own past self recruited greater ventral medial PFC (mPFC), and selfprojection of another individual recruited dorsal mPFC. Activity in ventral vs. dorsal mPFC was also sensitive to the ability to relive or understand the perspective taken on each trial. Further, task-related functional connectivity analysis revealed that ventral mPFC contributed to the medial temporal lobe network linked to memory processes, whereas dorsal mPFC contributed to the frontoparietal network linked to controlled processes.The third study focuses on the neural correlates underlying age-related differences in the recall of episodically rich AMs. Age-related attenuation in the episodic richness of AM was linked to reductions in activity elicited during elaboration.Age effects on AM were more pronounced during elaboration than search, with older adults showing less sustained recruitment of the hippocampus and ventrolateral PFC for less episodically rich AMs. Further, there was an age-related reduction in the top-down modulation of the PFC on the hippocampus by episodic richness, possibly reflecting fewer controlled processes operating on the recovery of information in the hippocampus.Ultimately, the goal of all memory research is to understand how memory operates in the real-world; the present research highlights the important contribution of functional neuroimaging studies of AM in attaining this goal.vi

show abstract

Section: Relivingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Jacques¹

2012

Understanding Autobiographical Memory

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Over time, continued reactivation strengthens the connections between cortical regions until memory can eventually be retrieved without the support of the hippocampus (Alvarez and Squire 1994;Squire and Wixted 2011). Consistent with this idea, damage to the neocortex (e.g., lateral temporal, frontal) leads to impairments in remote memory (Mangels et al 1996;Reed and Squire 1998;Murre et al 2001;Bayley et al 2003Bayley et al , 2005Squire and Bayley 2007;Squire and Wixted 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

New methods for understanding systems consolidation

Tayler

Wiltgen

2013

Learn. Mem.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

According to the standard model of systems consolidation (SMC), neocortical circuits are reactivated during the retrieval of declarative memories. This process initially requires the hippocampus. However, with the passage of time, neocortical circuits become strengthened and can eventually retrieve memory without input from the hippocampus. Although consistent with lesion data, these assumptions have been difficult to confirm experimentally. In the current review, we discuss recent methodological advances in behavioral neuroscience that are making it possible to test the basic assumptions of SMC for the first time. For example, new transgenic mice can be used to monitor the activity of individual neurons across the entire brain while optogenetic approaches provide precise control over the activity of these cells using light stimulation. These tools can be used to examine the reactivation of neocortical neurons during recent and remote memory retrieval and determine if this process requires the hippocampus.

show abstract

“…The only volume reduction in these regions Ͼ1.3 SD of the control mean was the parietal lobe for RS (36).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Item memory, source memory, and the medial temporal lobe: Concordant findings from fMRI and memory-impaired patients

Gold

Smith²,

Bayley³

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

131

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We studied item and source memory with fMRI in healthy volunteers and carried out a parallel study in memory-impaired patients. In experiment 1, volunteers studied a list of words in the scanner and later took an item memory test and a source memory test. Brain activity in the hippocampal region, perirhinal cortex, and parahippocampal cortex was associated with words that would later be remembered (item memory). The activity in these regions that predicted subsequent success at item memory predicted subsequent source memory to a similar degree. In experiment 2, memory-impaired patients with damage thought to be limited to the hippocampal region were given an item memory test and a source memory test, as in experiment 1. The patients were similarly impaired on the item memory test and the source memory test. Together, the findings suggest that medial temporal lobe structures broadly support recognition memory function and that item memory and source memory similarly depend on these structures. amnesia ͉ hippocampus ͉ recognition memory O ne of the most widely studied examples of declarative memory is recognition memory, the ability to judge an item as having been encountered previously. Recognition memory depends on the integrity of the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which includes the hippocampal region (subicular complex, CA fields, and dentate gyrus) and the entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices (1). Much of what is known about the anatomy and organization of human recognition memory has come from the systematic study of patients with circumscribed damage to MTL structures. More recently, recognition memory has been studied in the healthy brain by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).A useful technique in many of these fMRI studies is the subsequent memory paradigm (2). In this paradigm, brain activity is measured with fMRI while volunteers study a list of items (e.g., words or pictures). Later, participants take a recognition memory test outside of the scanner. Brain activity associated with items that will later be remembered can then be compared to brain activity associated with items that will later be forgotten. Typically, structures within the MTL are identified by such a contrast (3).A fundamental but controversial issue concerns the possible division of labor for recognition memory function within the MTL. Some studies using the subsequent memory paradigm reported that memory for the context in which an item is learned (source memory) is predicted especially by activity during study in the hippocampal region (and possibly parahippocampal cortex) and that memory for the item itself (item memory) is predicted especially by activity during study in the adjacent cortex (4-6). Others have found that item memory is predicted by widespread activity in the MTL during study, including in the hippocampus (7-9). Furthermore, it has been suggested that recognition memory judgments lie along a continuum of memory strength, and that in some respects categories like item memory and source me...

show abstract

The Neuroanatomy of Remote Memory

Cited by 159 publications

References 61 publications

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

Functional neuroimaging of autobiographical memory

New methods for understanding systems consolidation

Item memory, source memory, and the medial temporal lobe: Concordant findings from fMRI and memory-impaired patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About