The Neuroanatomy of Speech Processing: A Large-scale Lesion Study

Rogalsky, Corianne; Basilakos, Alexandra; Rorden, Chris; Pillay, Sara B.; LaCroix, Arianna N.; Keator, Lynsey M.; Mickelsen, Soren; Anderson, Steven W.; Love, Tracy; Fridriksson, Julius; Binder, Jeffrey R.; Hickok, Gregory

doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01876

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“… 14 On the other hand, pMTG is considered a hub within the language network 13 and is part of the lexical-semantic ventral stream; damage to this stream is associated with auditory comprehension deficits. 79 This study confirms the critical role of these regions in language, and as WAB-R AQ is a composite score, it is unsurprising that regions from both dorsal and ventral streams are implicated. There is often progressive degeneration of white matter integrity following stroke, and this may be more notable in the later stages of recovery.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparing the brain–behaviour relationship in acute and chronic stroke aphasia

Busby

Hillis

Bunker³

et al. 2023

Brain Communications

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In stroke aphasia, lesion volume is typically associated with aphasia severity. Although this relationship is likely present throughout recovery, different factors may affect lesion volume and behavior early into recovery (acute) and in the later stages of recovery (chronic). Therefore, studies typically separate patients into two groups (acute/chronic) and this is often accompanied with arguments for and against using data from acute stroke patients over chronic. However, no comprehensive studies have provided strong evidence of whether the lesion-behavior relationship early in recovery is comparable to later in the recovery trajectory. To that end, we investigated two aims; (1) whether lesion data from acute and chronic patients yield similar results in region-based lesion-symptom mapping analyses, and (2) if models based on one timepoint accurately predict the other. Lesions and aphasia severity scores from acute (N = 63) and chronic (N = 109) stroke survivors with aphasia were entered into separate univariate region-based lesion-symptom mapping analyses. A support vector regression model was trained on lesion data from either the acute or chronic dataset to give an estimate of aphasia severity. Four model-based analyses were conducted: trained on acute/chronic using leave-one-out, tested on left-out behavior, or trained on acute/chronic to predict the other timepoint. Region-based lesion-symptom mapping analyses identified similar but not identical regions in both timepoints. All four models revealed positive correlations between actual and predicted Western Aphasia Battery-Revised Aphasia-Quotient. scores. Lesion to behavior predictions were almost equivalent when comparing within vs. across stroke stage, despite differing lesion size/location and distribution of aphasia severity between stroke timepoints. This suggests that research investigating the brain-behavior relationship including subsets of patients from only one time point may also be applicable at other time points, although it is important to note that these comparable findings may only be seen using broad measures such as aphasia severity, rather than those aimed at identifying more specific deficits. Subtle differences found between timepoints may also be useful in understanding the nature of lesion volume and aphasia severity over time. Stronger correlations found when predicting acute behavior (e.g., predicting acute: r = .0.6888, p < 0.001, predicting chronic r = .0.5014, p < 0.001), suggest that the acute lesion/perfusion patterns more accurately capture the critical changes in underlying vascular territories. Differences in critical brain regions between timepoints may shed light on recovery patterns. Future studies could focus on a longitudinal design to compare acute and chronic patients in a more controlled manner.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Comparing the brain–behaviour relationship in acute and chronic stroke aphasia

Busby

Hillis

Bunker³

et al. 2023

Brain Communications

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“…Locations of stroke-induced lesions were determined by visual inspection of the lesion maps generated (Fig. 4 depicts the overlap of these lesion maps after the lesion maps were transformed into Montreal Neurological Institute template space using standard procedures [ 32 ]). Inspection of the lesion maps yielded the following general categories of lesion locations: N = 49 left cerebral hemisphere, N = 1 right cerebral hemisphere, N = 2 bilateral cerebral hemisphere, N = 1 right cerebellum, N = 1 left cerebellum, and N = 1 brain stem.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Informational Masking in Aging and Brain-lesioned Individuals

Farahbod

Rogalsky

Keator

et al. 2022

JARO

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Auditory stream segregation and informational masking were investigated in brain-lesioned individuals, age-matched controls with no neurological disease, and young college-age students. A psychophysical paradigm known as rhythmic masking release (RMR) was used to examine the ability of participants to identify a change in the rhythmic sequence of 20-ms Gaussian noise bursts presented through headphones and filtered through generalized head-related transfer functions to produce the percept of an externalized auditory image (i.e., a 3D virtual reality sound). The target rhythm was temporally interleaved with a masker sequence comprising similar noise bursts in a manner that resulted in a uniform sequence with no information remaining about the target rhythm when the target and masker were presented from the same location (an impossible task). Spatially separating the target and masker sequences allowed participants to determine if there was a change in the target rhythm midway during its presentation. RMR thresholds were defined as the minimum spatial separation between target and masker sequences that resulted in 70.7% correct-performance level in a single-interval 2-alternative forced-choice adaptive tracking procedure. The main findings were (1) significantly higher RMR thresholds for individuals with brain lesions (especially those with damage to parietal areas) and (2) a left–right spatial asymmetry in performance for lesion (but not control) participants. These findings contribute to a better understanding of spatiotemporal relations in informational masking and the neural bases of auditory scene analysis.

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“…Sublexical contingencies, such as syllable-to-syllable transitions (i.e., syllable-to-syllable transitions are here defined as sublexical syllabic features that have a higher within than between word probability and thus allow the “grouping” of syllables into words), contribute to word processing and have been shown to activate parts of the superior temporal sulcus (STS; Mesgarani et al, 2014 ; Okada & Hickok, 2006 ) and a dorsal-path network ( Hickok & Poeppel, 2007 ). Additionally, parts of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) have been suggested to contribute to word-level processing, for example, in sublexical processing tasks reflecting sensory-motor integration ( Burton et al, 2000 ; Moineau et al, 2005 ; Möttönen & Watkins, 2009 ) or in tasks that elicit lexical competition ( Kan et al, 2006 ; Rodd et al, 2015 ; Thompson-Schill et al, 1997 ); whereas it has been argued that the recruitment of frontal motor areas reflects working memory processes rather than speech comprehension per se ( Rogalsky et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Functional Networks for Syllable and Word-Level Processing

Rimmele

Sun

Michalareas

et al. 2023

Neurobiology of Language

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Speech comprehension requires the ability to temporally segment the acoustic input for higher-level linguistic analysis. Oscillation-based approaches suggest that low-frequency auditory cortex oscillations track syllable-sized acoustic information and therefore emphasize the relevance of syllabic-level acoustic processing for speech segmentation. How syllabic processing interacts with higher levels of speech processing, beyond segmentation, including the anatomical and neurophysiological characteristics of the networks involved, is debated. In two MEG experiments, we investigate lexical and sublexical word-level processing and the interactions with (acoustic) syllable processing using a frequency-tagging paradigm. Participants listened to disyllabic words presented at a rate of 4 syllables/sec. Lexical content (native language), sublexical syllable-to-syllable transitions (foreign language), or mere syllabic information (pseudo-words) were presented. Two conjectures were evaluated: (i) syllable-to-syllable transitions contribute to word-level processing; and (ii) processing of words activates brain areas that interact with acoustic syllable processing. We show that syllable-to-syllable transition information compared to mere syllable information, activated a bilateral superior-, middle temporal and inferior frontal network. Lexical content resulted, additionally, in increased neural activity. Evidence for an interaction of word- and acoustic syllable-level processing was inconclusive. Decreases in syllable tracking (cerebro-acoustic coherence) in auditory cortex and increases in cross-frequency coupling between right superior and middle temporal and frontal areas where found when lexical content was present compared to all other conditions; however, not when conditions were compared separately. The data provide experimental insight into how subtle and sensitive syllable-to-syllable transition information for word-level processing is.

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The Neuroanatomy of Speech Processing: A Large-scale Lesion Study

Cited by 15 publications

References 105 publications

Comparing the brain–behaviour relationship in acute and chronic stroke aphasia

Comparing the brain–behaviour relationship in acute and chronic stroke aphasia

Informational Masking in Aging and Brain-lesioned Individuals

Dynamics of Functional Networks for Syllable and Word-Level Processing

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