The Neurobiological Correlates of Gaze Perception in Healthy Individuals and Neurologic Patients

Battaglia, Simone; Fabius, Jasper H.; Moravkova, Katarina; Fracasso, Alessio; Borgomaneri, Sara

doi:10.3390/biomedicines10030627

Cited by 55 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(254 reference statements)

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“…Significant changes were found in cerebral areas involved in the emotion and cognition functions, two mental processes that are frequently impaired in MDD. Specifically, morphological modifications were observed in the frontal and temporal lobes, the hippocampus, the thalamus, the striatum, and the amygdala [ 11 , 12 ]. Several studies focused on the ventromedial portion of the prefrontal cortex (vmPCF), considering its involvement in fear conditioning, a mechanism that is aberrant in depressive disorders [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant Effect of Intermittent Long-Term Systemic Administration of Irisin in Mice

Pignataro

Dicarlo

Zerlotin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Depression is a psychiatric disorder increasingly diffused worldwide. Evidence suggests that irisin, a myokine secreted by contracting muscle, mediates beneficial effects on several targets, including the brain. Here, the potential antidepressant properties of long-term intermittent systemic irisin administration (100 µg/kg/weekly for 1 month) were evaluated in mice by the Tail Suspension Test (TST), Forced Swim Test (FST), and Open Field Test (OFT). Furthermore, to deepen the molecular pathways underlying irisin treatment, the expression of irisin precursor, neurotrophic/growth factors, and cytokines was analyzed. Irisin treatment significantly decreased the immobility time in the TST and FST, suggesting an antidepressant effect. Additionally, irisin seemed to display an anxiolytic-like effect increasing the time spent in the OFT arena center. These findings were probably due to the modulation of endogenous brain factors as the gene expression of some neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), was upregulated only in irisin-treated mouse brain. Moreover, irisin modulated the expression of some cytokines (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that the irisin antidepressant effect may be observed even with a systemic administration in mice. This could pave the way toward intriguing preclinical research in humans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antidepressant Effect of Intermittent Long-Term Systemic Administration of Irisin in Mice

Pignataro

Dicarlo

Zerlotin

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…The initial symptoms in Parkinson’s disease may be depression and other non-motor manifestations, including impaired non-verbal communication and expressivity [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. Quinolinic acid is a possible trigger for depression and other non-motor symptoms.…”

Section: Quinolinic Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases

et al. 2022

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Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in both depression and neurodegenerative diseases. The kynurenine pathway, generating metabolites which may play a role in pathogenesis, is one of several competing pathways of tryptophan metabolism. The present article is a narrative review of tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation, depression, and neurodegeneration. A disturbed tryptophan metabolism with increased activity of the kynurenine pathway and production of quinolinic acid may result in deficiencies in tryptophan and derived neurotransmitters. Quinolinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, and raised levels in CSF, together with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, have been reported in mood disorders. Increased quinolinic acid has also been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and HIV-related cognitive decline. Oxidative stress in connection with increased indole-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine formation may contribute to inflammatory responses and the production of cytokines. Increased formation of quinolinic acid may occur at the expense of kynurenic acid and neuroprotective picolinic acid. While awaiting ongoing research on potential pharmacological interventions on tryptophan metabolism, adequate protein intake with appropriate amounts of tryptophan and antioxidants may offer protection against oxidative stress and provide a balanced set of physiological receptor ligands.

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“…Demyelination of particular structures and imbalance due to the interaction of a dysregulated immune system and specific lymphocyte receptors can lead to negative impacts such as neuropsychiatric, autonomic, cognitive, and sleep complications in MS. In this regard, research in healthy people has demonstrated that the modulation of autonomic nervous system responses is critical for behavioral regulation, showing how this function is compromised in MS patients [96,[125][126][127].…”

Section: Role Of Fatty Acids In Microglial Polarization In Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sanjay

Park

Lee

2022

IJMS

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Microglial polarization to the M1 phenotype (classically activated) or the M2 phenotype (alternatively activated) is critical in determining the fate of immune responses in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). M1 macrophages contribute to neurotoxicity, neuronal and synaptic damage, and oxidative stress and are the first line of defense, and M2 macrophages elicit an anti-inflammatory response to regulate neuroinflammation, clear cell debris, and promote neuroregeneration. Various studies have focused on the ability of natural compounds to promote microglial polarization from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype in several diseases, including NDs. However, studies on the roles of fatty acids in microglial polarization and their implications in NDs are a rare find. Most of the studies support the role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in microglial polarization using cell and animal models. Thus, we aimed to collect data and provide a narrative account of microglial types, markers, and studies pertaining to fatty acids, particularly PUFAs, on microglial polarization and their neuroprotective effects. The involvement of only PUFAs in the chosen topic necessitates more in-depth research into the role of unexplored fatty acids in microglial polarization and their mechanistic implications. The review also highlights limitations and future challenges.

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The Neurobiological Correlates of Gaze Perception in Healthy Individuals and Neurologic Patients

Cited by 55 publications

References 161 publications

Antidepressant Effect of Intermittent Long-Term Systemic Administration of Irisin in Mice

Antidepressant Effect of Intermittent Long-Term Systemic Administration of Irisin in Mice

The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Roles of Fatty Acids in Microglial Polarization: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies on Neurodegenerative Diseases

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