The neurobiology of psychopathy: recent developments and new directions in research and treatment

Cummings, Michael

doi:10.1017/s1092852914000741

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…There are several genetic models of autism spectrum disorder (see (Ebrahimi-Fakhari and Sahin, 2015) for a review) and Williams syndrome (Osborne, 2010). However, much less is known about the genetic causes of schizophrenia (Escudero and Johnstone, 2014) or psychopathy (for review see (Cummings, 2015). …”

Section: Empathy and Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models

Meyza

Bartal

Monfils

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

156

125

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Empathy is a phenomenon often considered dependent on higher-order emotional control and an ability to relate to the emotional state of others. It is, by many, attributed only to species having well-developed cortical circuits capable of performing such complex tasks. However, over the years, a wealth of data has been accumulated showing that rodents are capable not only of sharing emotional states of their conspecifics, but also of prosocial behavior driven by such shared experiences. The study of rodent empathic behaviors is only now becoming an independent research field. Relevant animal models allow precise manipulation of neural networks, thereby offering insight into the foundations of empathy in the mammalian brains. Here we review the data on empathic behaviors in rat and mouse models, their neurobiological and neurophysiological correlates, and the factors influencing these behaviors. We discuss how simple rodent models of empathy enhance our understanding of how brain controls empathic behaviors.

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Section: Empathy and Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models

Meyza

Bartal

Monfils

et al. 2017

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

156

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…dificultad para diferenciar entre los propios valores y deseos egocéntricos y los de los demás, favoreciendo una perspectiva narcisista 97 .…”

Section: Psicopatíaunclassified

Aportes sobre el correlato neuroanatómico de la personalidad

2016

Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr.

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Concept of personality is refers to IntroducciónE xisten diversas definiciones acerca de la personalidad, pero la mayoría coincide en que abarca las características importantes y relativamente estables de una persona, que dan cuenta de patrones consistentes de comportamiento. Los aspectos de la personalidad pueden ser observables o internos, conscientes o inconscientes 1 . Es de amplio conocimiento que la personalidad es un concepto que debe abordarse desde un punto de vista bio-psico-social, ya que en su formación participan aspectos biológicos, la propia forma de experimentar vivencias y la interacción con otros significativos y con el ambiente. Cuando una de estas dimensiones se altera, esto se manifiesta en la conducta y en la adaptación de la persona.Desde A. Damasio (1994) y su teoría del marcador somático 2 , numerosas investigaciones han surgido para explicar el comportamiento, impli-

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“…Variables of decision making were entered as predictors (after the covariates) in the analyses and the applicable personality measures as dependent variable. The level of significance was set at an alpha of ≤0.01, because 1 Educational level was based on mean scores on the classification system of Verhage [58] in Dutch education with 6 levels of education: (1) not graduated from primary school, (2) only graduated from primary school, (3) vocational education, (4) secondary vocational education, (5) higher vocational education, (6) academic education.…”

Section: Statistical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For many years, the concept of psychopathy has spoken vividly to people's imagination and it received substantial attention in empirical studies [1,2]. Even though psychopathy is not included officially among the personality disorders in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, both 4 th and 5 th edition (DSM-IV-TR; and International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision (ICD-10), it is widely accepted as a real and potentially detrimental phenomenon [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Relationship between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Decision Making Deficits in a Prison Population

Nc¹,

Edm²

2016

J Foren Psy

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Since psychopathy poses major problems to society, it is of importance to gain more insight in this construct, which might be established by increasing knowledge of its neurocognitive underpinnings. Psychopathy may be related to failure to incorporate and learn from subtle or ambiguous feedback, which may lead to diminished awareness of potentially harmful consequences of choices. In result, this could induce increased risk-taking and decreased capability to adapt such behaviour. The aim of the present study was to investigate if a relation exists between psychopathic personality traits and risky decision making tendencies, and how this relation can be differentiated along specific symptoms of the psychopathic spectrum. Male prisoners (N = 119) completed a neuropsychological assessment of decision making tasks (the Iowa Gambling Task [IGT] and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task [WCST]) as well as a self-report measure for dimensional psychopathic personality traits (Psychopathic Personality Inventory -Revised [PPI-R]). In line with some of the previous literature, no significant correlations were found between measures of psychopathy on the one hand, and measures of decision making on the other hand. Other variables, such as age (with a negative correlation) and presence of a history of drug abuse did contribute significantly in the prediction of the total amount of psychopathic personality traits. Implications for interpretation of previous studies and strengths and limitations of the present study are discussed. The literature on the topic of decision making and psychopathy is now building up, but leaves inconsistent and certainly no convincing consensus. Future studies on psychopathy and neurocognition may need to shift away from traditional decision making tasks and instead focus more on experimental, 'pure' neurocognitive measures to better identify how specific cognitive pitfalls in psychopathy influence behaviour and ability to learn.

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The neurobiology of psychopathy: recent developments and new directions in research and treatment

Cited by 25 publications

References 49 publications

The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models

The roots of empathy: Through the lens of rodent models

Aportes sobre el correlato neuroanatómico de la personalidad

Investigating the Relationship between Psychopathic Personality Traits and Decision Making Deficits in a Prison Population

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