The Neurology of Cerebral Palsy

Ingram, T. T. S.

doi:10.1136/adc.41.218.337

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Of course the transition between a “developmental” overflow and “pathological” overflow is context-dependent, but the inability to suppress overflow at age-appropriate points must be considered part of a pathological spectrum of motor outputs that fall into the category of dystonias . The Fog manoeuver may be used to accentuate subtle or latent dystonic postures in CP (34) or indeed isolated monogenic dystonias.…”

Section: An Unmet Need To Recognize the Similarities And Differences mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing the Common Origins of Dystonia and the Development of Human Movement: A Manifesto of Unmet Needs in Isolated Childhood Dystonias

Lin

Nardocci

2016

Front. Neurol.

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Dystonia in childhood may be severely disabling and often unremitting and unrecognized. Considered a rare disorder, dystonic symptoms in childhood are pervasive in many conditions including disorders of developmental delay, cerebral palsy (CP), autism, neurometabolic, neuroinflammatory, and neurogenetic disorders. Collectively, there is a need to recognize the role of early postures and movements which characterize phases of normal fetal, infant, and child development as a backdrop to the many facets of dystonia in early childhood neurological disorders and to be aware of the developmental context of dystonic symptoms. The role of cocontraction is explored throughout infancy, childhood, young adulthood, and in the elderly. Under-recognition of pervasive dystonic disorders of childhood, including within CP is reviewed. Original descriptions of CP by Gowers are reviewed and contemporary physiological demonstrations are used to illustrate support for an interpretation of the tonic labyrinthine response as a manifestation of dystonia. Early recognition and molecular diagnosis of childhood dystonia where possible are desirable for appropriate clinical stratification and future precision medicine and functional neurosurgery where appropriate. A developmental neurobiological perspective could also be useful in exploring new clinical strategies for adult-onset dystonia disorders focusing on environmental and molecular interactions and systems behaviors.

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Section: An Unmet Need To Recognize the Similarities And Differences mentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing the Common Origins of Dystonia and the Development of Human Movement: A Manifesto of Unmet Needs in Isolated Childhood Dystonias

Lin

Nardocci

2016

Front. Neurol.

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“…12 Later in his 1966 review article "The neurology of cerebral palsy", he re-emphasised what he regarded as the unequivocal distinction between spastic diplegia and other bilateral cerebral palsies. 13 In 1959 in England, 8 The Little Club presented a definition and classification of cerebral palsy: "In diplegia there is affection of the muscles of all four limbs. The lower limbs are the more affected."…”

Section: Historical Overview Of Use Of Term Diplegiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The term diplegia should be abandoned

Colver

Sethumadhavan²

2003

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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“…The neck muscles were activated in a direction specific way, but the strong NE activity was not compensated by appropriately timed stabilizing activity of NF. The early NE and late NF activity are probably the myographical correlates of the hyperextension of the neck, which usually accompanies reaching behaviour in children with dyskinetic CP (Ingram 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At an early age, when the infants showed neurological signs such as a stereotyped posture and motility and (mild) abnormalities in muscle tone, it was not clear which type of CP Postural Control in Infants with CP Mijna Hadders-Algra et al 767 GA, gestational age; R, right side; L, left side; ?, uncertain outcome. a +, mild, independent use of affected hand; ++, moderate, affected hand only used to assist other hand; +++, severe, virtually no use of affected hand (Ingram 1966). b Classification of PVH/IVH, peri-and intraventricular haemorrhage, according to Levene et al (1982) and of PVL, periventricular leukomalacia according to De Vries et al (1992).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of postural adjustments during reaching in infants with CP

Hadders‐Algra

Fits

Stremmelaar

et al. 1999

Develop Med Child Neuro

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The development of postural adjustments during reaching movements was longitudinally studied in seven infants with cerebral palsy (CP) between 4 and 18 months of age. Five infants developed spastic hemiplegia, one spastic tetraplegia, and one spastic tetraplegia with athetosis. Each assessment consisted of a simultaneous recording of video data and surface EMGs of arm, neck, trunk, and leg muscles during reaching in various lying and sitting positions. The basic organization of postural adjustments of the children developing spastic CP was intact. Their main problem was a deficient capacity to modulate the postural adjustments to task‐specific constraints ‐ a deficit which was attributed to a combination of an impaired motor coordination and deficits in sensory integration. The child with spastic‐dyskinetic CP showed distinct abnormalities in the basic organization of postural adjustments.

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The Neurology of Cerebral Palsy

Cited by 45 publications

References 64 publications

Recognizing the Common Origins of Dystonia and the Development of Human Movement: A Manifesto of Unmet Needs in Isolated Childhood Dystonias

Recognizing the Common Origins of Dystonia and the Development of Human Movement: A Manifesto of Unmet Needs in Isolated Childhood Dystonias

The term diplegia should be abandoned

Development of postural adjustments during reaching in infants with CP

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