The Neurology of Obsessional Slowness

Hymas, Nigel; Lees, Andrew J.; Bolton, Derek; Epps, Kevin; Head, Denise

doi:10.1093/brain/114.5.2203

Cited by 136 publications

(81 citation statements)

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“…In contrast, the selective activation of coupling within limbic circuits that occurs upon withdrawal from repeated amphetamine administration (Onn and Grace 2000) may also lead to a type of "cognitive" stereotypy, such as the perseverative drug-seeking behavior demonstrated as a consequence of drug abuse. Within this context, the present findings on the actions of gap junction inactivators may have relevance for diseases such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, drug abuse, and schizophrenia, or other disorders that are associated with disruption of cognitive and/or motor sequencing (Berger et al 1989;Cools et al 2001;Hymas et al 1991;Ridley 1994;Sullivan et al 2001).…”

Section: The Role Of Gap Junctions and Dopamine In Signal Flow Acrossmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Role for Electrotonic Coupling in the Striatum in the Expression of Dopamine Receptor-mediated Stereotypies,

Moore

Grace

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors in the striatum evokes a number of alterations in motor behavior in rats, as well as causing several alterations in cellular physiology, including changes in membrane potential, cell excitability, afferent drive, and electrotonic coupling. One cellular property that is potently modulated by DA stimulation is electrotonic coupling, a process shown to subserve motor pattern generation. To examine whether electrotonic coupling plays a role in mediating a specific set of DA receptor-mediated motor behaviors, we tested the effects of two inhibitors of gap junction conductance, carbenoxolone (CARB) and anandamide (AEA), on apomorphine (APO)-induced motor responses. We then used intra-striatal infusions of CARB to determine the role of electrotonic coupling specifically in the ventral striatum in the expression of i.p.) significantly increased motor activity (a composite score) and the frequencies of oral and sniffing stereotypies. APO also disrupted grooming initiation and completion. APO-induced oral stereotypies were selectively blocked by systemic administration of CARB (7.0, 35.0 mg/kg Adaptive behaviors, both learned and spontaneous, consist of sequences of "micro" movements executed by closely-related muscle groups. There is evidence that the initiation and execution of individual movements, such as oral movements involved in feeding, as well as the linking of these movements into a behavioral sequence, depend upon neuronal networks within the Beninger et al. 1991;Braun and Chase 1986;Byrnes et al. 1994;Delfs and Kelley 1990). Thus, in the context of behavioral sequencing, the simple 'repetitive' stereotypy (Berridge and Aldridge 2000a) produced by D2 receptor over-stimulation in the striatum (Delfs and Kelley 1990) can be seen as the inability to release one 'simple' behavior in order to allow initiation of the next simple behavior in a normal, adaptive sequence (Pedro et al. 1994;Szechtman et al. 1999). One means by which neuronal networks may interact within the striatum is via communication among clusters of functionally related striatal neurons. Such a network interaction may be mediated via gap junctions. It is well-established that electrotonic transmission between developing neurons is important in the formation and stabilization of functional networks (Bannerman et al. 2000;Peinado et al. 1993;Roerig and Feller 2000). However, there is also evidence that in the adult brain, electrotonic coupling directly mediates forms of neuronal network activity (Bou-Flores and Berger 2001;Jefferys 1995;Perez Velazquez and Carlen 2000) which, in turn, contribute to rhythmic behavioral patterning (Bou-Flores and Berger 2001;Rothwell 1998). Thus, it is likely that motor patterning may involve activity within neuronal networks coordinated via gap junctions. In the striatum, cells express connexins, the protein building blocks of gap junctions (Belluardo et al. 2000;Bennett et al. 1999). Striatal neurons also exhibit dye coupling, the transfer of dye molecules between neurons thro...

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Section: The Role Of Gap Junctions and Dopamine In Signal Flow Acrossmentioning

confidence: 90%

A Role for Electrotonic Coupling in the Striatum in the Expression of Dopamine Receptor-mediated Stereotypies,

Moore

Grace

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…Another source of heterogeneity is the use of different standardized instruments to measure NSS, with some studies employing clinical examinations rather than standardized instruments (e.g. Hymas et al 1991 ;Caramelli et al 1996), thus making comparisons difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological soft signs in obsessive-compulsive disorder: two empirical studies and meta-analysis

et al. 2012

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Background. Neurological soft signs (NSS) have been inconsistently reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) but may make an impact on treatment response.Method. The current study examined the presence of NSS in two independent European samples of OCD patients (combined 85 patients and 88 matched healthy controls) using a standardized instrument and conducted a metaanalysis of all published studies identified in the literature with the aim to provide a more definitive answer to the question of whether OCD patients are characterized by increased NSS.Results. Both empirical studies found elevated NSS scores in patients compared with matched controls. The results of the meta-analysis, which included 15 studies (combined 498 patients and 520 controls) showed large effect sizes (Hedges' g=1.27, 95 % confidence interval 0.80-1.75), indicating that OCD patients have significantly higher rates of NSS than matched controls on both sides of the body and in multiple domains (motor coordination, sensory integration and primitive reflexes). The results were robust and remained largely unchanged in our reliability analyses, which controlled for possible outliers. Meta-regression was employed to examine the role of potential variables of interest including sociodemographic variables, symptom severity, medication effects and the use of different instruments, but none of these variables was clearly associated with NSS.Conclusions. As a group, OCD patients are characterized by increased rates of NSS, compared with healthy controls. However, their origins and potential clinical importance remain to be clarified. Future directions for research are discussed.

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“…For example, some studies have detected impairments of nonverbal memory in patients with OCD, which have been attributed to failures in the employment of appropriate organizational strategies [Kim et al, 2002;Savage et al, 1999;Shin et al, 2004], whereas other studies have reported detecting set-shifting deficits [Aycicegi et al, 2003;Hymas et al, 1991;Veale et al, 1996], and decisionmaking [Cavedini et al, 2002] and response inhibition [Aycicegi et al, 2003;Bannon et al, 2002], all of which are known to be dependent on the frontal cortex [Chamberlain et al, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrophysiological correlates of behavioral response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

Kim

Yoo

et al. 2006

Depress. Anxiety

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In this study, we have attempted to determine the electrophysiological correlates of behavioral response inhibition in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). To evaluate response inhibition ability, we have used the Go/NoGo task and measured N2 and P3 event-related potential (ERP) components. Both the OCD and control groups exhibited greater and more frontally distributed N2 and P3 amplitudes in the NoGo condition compared to what we observed in the Go condition. However, the patients with OCD also manifested reduced NoGo-N2 and Go-N2 amplitudes at the frontocentral electrode sites compared to the controls. In addition, the NoGo-N2 amplitudes were more posteriorly distributed in patients with OCD than in controls. The NoGo-N2 amplitudes and latencies measured at the central sites were also negatively correlated with the obsession score on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The OCD and control groups were comparable with regard to Go-P3 and NoGo-P3 amplitude and latencies. Our findings suggest dysfunctions in frontal regions mediating response inhibition in OCD, consistent with the involvement of response inhibition in the pathophysiology of this disorder. In addition, NoGo-N2 seems to result in more accurate response inhibition measurements in patients with OCD than does NoGo-P3. Depression and Anxiety 24:22-31, 2007.

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The Neurology of Obsessional Slowness

Cited by 136 publications

References 0 publications

A Role for Electrotonic Coupling in the Striatum in the Expression of Dopamine Receptor-mediated Stereotypies,

A Role for Electrotonic Coupling in the Striatum in the Expression of Dopamine Receptor-mediated Stereotypies,

Neurological soft signs in obsessive-compulsive disorder: two empirical studies and meta-analysis

Electrophysiological correlates of behavioral response inhibition in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder

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