The neuropeptide cerebellin is a marker for two similar neuronal circuits in rat brain.

Mugnaini, Enrico; Morgan, James I.

doi:10.1073/pnas.84.23.8692

Cited by 112 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…CER-and Cbln1-like substances were found in axons of Purkinje cells while CERlike substances were observed in their perikaryons, thus confirming previous reports (1,4,14,(33)(34)(35). In the adrenals, Cbln1-like immunoreactivity was present mainly in the cortex of the gland, and the reaction products were noted both in the membranes and cytoplasm of parenchymal cells.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Ruciński

Ziółkowska²,

Szyszka³

et al. 2009

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract. Precerebellin (Cbln)-related peptides are known to modulate the secretory activity and growth of the adrenal gland. However, precise expression of the Cbln-related genes and Cbln1 peptide in the adrenal remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated, using RT-PCR, QPCR, Western blotting, immunohistochemistry and hormonal assays, their expression in the adrenals of adult rats and in the course of postnatal ontogenesis. Of the 4 known Cblns, Cbln(1-3) mRNAs were found in the adrenal gland of the adult male rats. Expression patterns of Cbln1 and 3 were similar to each other and different from that of Cbln2. Highest expression of the Cbln1 and 3 genes was observed in the zona glomerulosa (ZG), lower expression was noted in the fasciculata/reticularis and lowest expression was observed in the adrenal medulla. Expression of these genes was also present in freshly isolated rat adrenocortical cells. On the contrary, by means of classic RT-PCR, we demonstrated the presence of mRNAs of CBLN(1-4) in the human adrenal gland. In the rat, highest expression of the Cbln1 and 3 genes was found at postnatal day 2 and was somewhat lower at day 90. On the contrary, expression of the Cbln2 gene was low in adrenals of 2-day-old rats and notably higher at the remaining time points studied (up to day 360). Cerebellin (CER)-like immunoreactivity was observed in the membranes of the adrenal ZG cells, while in the medulla, immunoreactive substances were localized primarily in the cytoplasm of chromaffin cells. Cbln1-like immunoreactivity was present mainly in the cortex of the gland, and reaction products were noted both in the membranes and cytoplasm of adrenocortical cells. Semiquantitative evaluation of Cbln1 protein expression in compartments of the adrenal gland of the adult rat revealed a higher concentration of Cbln1 protein in the cortex than in the medulla of studied rats. We also found that both CER and desCER stimulated basal aldosterone secretion by freshly isolated ZG cells. Thus, the present study provided precise data on expression of the Cbln-related genes and Cbln1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat and on their developmental regulation. We also found that, contrary to the human adrenal, in the rat adrenal gland, the Cbln4 gene was not expressed at the mRNA level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Ruciński

Ziółkowska²,

Szyszka³

et al. 2009

Int J Mol Med

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“…3B-D). Cbln1, initially isolated from rat cerebellum as a 16 aa peptide, is known to be expressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and cartwheel cells in the dorsal cochlear nucleus, but histochemical analyses of the hypothalamus have not been reported (Slemmon et al, 1984;Mugnaini and Morgan, 1987). PACAP is a neuropeptide shown previously to be highly expressed in the VMH (Hannibal, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Laser-Capture Microdissection for the Identification of Marker Genes for the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Stallings²,

et al. 2005

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The ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) plays an important role in the control of feeding and energy homeostasis. In contrast to other hypothalamic nuclei that are also known to regulate energy balance, there is a paucity of nucleus-specific marker genes for the VMH, limiting the application of molecular approaches for analyzing VMH information processing, function, and circuitry. Here, we report the use of laser-capture microdissection to isolate a set of cDNAs that are enriched in the VMH relative to two adjacent hypothalamic nuclei, the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamus. The relative expression levels of nine of the 12 most robustly expressed VMH-enriched genes were confirmed by real-time PCR analysis using separate RNAs from these three nuclei. Three of these VMH-enriched genes were further characterized by in situ hybridization histochemistry, including pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide, cerebellin 1, and an expressed sequence tag named LBH2. Finally, to test whether some of these genes were coordinately regulated, we monitored their expression in steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) knock-out mice. SF-1 is a transcription factor that controls the development of the VMH. The RNA levels for four of these genes were reduced in these knock-out animals, further suggesting that they are direct or indirect targets of this orphan nuclear receptor. The VMH-enriched genes identified here provide a basis for a functional analysis of VMH neuronal subpopulations via the use of bacterial artificial chromosome transgenics and related technologies. These results also demonstrate the utility of laser-capture microdissection coupled with microarray technology to identify nucleus-specific transcriptional networks.

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“…Like Purkinje cells, cartwheel cells fire complex action potentials (10,12), contain mGluR1␣ in their spines (16,17), IP 3 in their dendrites (30), and PEP19 (32), cerebellin (33), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (34). Genetic mutations affect Purkinje cells and cartwheel cells similarly (35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum-like mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus

Fujino

Oertel

2002

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

116

133

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The dorsal cochlear nucleus integrates acoustic with multimodal sensory inputs from widespread areas of the brain. Multimodal inputs are brought to spiny dendrites of fusiform and cartwheel cells in the molecular layer by parallel fibers through synapses that are subject to long-term potentiation and long-term depression. Acoustic cues are brought to smooth dendrites of fusiform cells in the deep layer by auditory nerve fibers through synapses that do not show plasticity. Plasticity requires Ca 2؉ -induced Ca 2؉ release; its sensitivity to antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate and metabotropic glutamate receptors differs in fusiform and cartwheel cells.A uditory nerve fibers bring acoustic information to the cochlear nucleus and feed it into several parallel pathways that ascend through the brainstem. Pathways through the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) are thought to detect spectral cues for localizing sounds monaurally (1). Those through the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN) encode spectral and temporal characteristics that allow sounds to be localized in the horizontal plane, through binaural circuits, and recognized.The DCN resembles the cerebellum, cartwheel cells being homologues of cerebellar Purkinje cells (2). Fusiform cells project to the inferior colliculus. Granule cells in the vicinity of the cochlear nuclei are innervated by diverse regions of the brain, including the dorsal column nuclei (1), vestibular periphery (3), and auditory nuclei (4, 5). Their unmyelinated axons, parallel fibers, contact spiny dendrites of fusiform and cartwheel cells. Myelinated auditory nerve fibers contact smooth basal dendrites of fusiform cells. The DCN resembles the electrosensory lobes in fishes even more closely (6, 7).In cerebellar circuits, the gain of one of two converging systems of inputs varies as a function of activity. Long-term depression (LTD) at parallel fiber synapses in cerebellar Purkinje cells evoked by coincident excitation through parallel fiber and climbing fiber synapses plays a role in coordination and motor learning (8). Long-term potentiation (LTP) and LTD at parallel fiber synapses are evoked in electric fishes by convergent excitation by parallel fibers and sensory afferents to compensate for an animal's own signals in localizing external sources (9). We show that principal cells of the DCN combine multimodal inputs through parallel fibers whose strength is modulated by activity with invariant acoustic input through auditory nerve fibers. MethodsCoronal slices (200 m) containing the DCN were prepared from ICR mice (Harlan-Sprague-Dawley) between 18 and 20 days old with an oscillating tissue slicer (VT1000S, Leica Microsystems, Nussloch, Germany). Slices were held in a 300-l chamber that was superfused at 3-5 ml͞min with oxygenated saline at Ϸ33°C. Experiments were done in accordance with the protocols and guidelines of the Animal Care and Use Committee at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were generally made with 3-to 5-M⍀ pipettes filled with a K-gluconate-base...

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The neuropeptide cerebellin is a marker for two similar neuronal circuits in rat brain.

Cited by 112 publications

References 24 publications

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Precerebellin-related genes and precerebellin 1 peptide in the adrenal gland of the rat: Expression pattern, localization, developmental regulation and effects on corticosteroidogenesis

Use of Laser-Capture Microdissection for the Identification of Marker Genes for the Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus

Bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the cerebellum-like mammalian dorsal cochlear nucleus

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