The neuroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol is independent of its antioxidative properties

Gröger, Moritz; Plesnila, Nikolaus

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.029

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Its application as a vehicle in experimental studies has been repeatedly reported, [30][31][32][33] and also in the context of focal cerebral ischemia. 34,35 The effect of Miglyol on brain damage was, however, not specifically assessed as both published studies on cerebral ischemia lack a vehicle control without Miglyol. In the present study, the solvent was used for the first time in the setting of experimental TBI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Organic Solvents on Secondary Brain Damage after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Walter¹,

Schwarting

Plesnila³

et al. 2020

Neurotrauma Reports

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Organic Solvents on Secondary Brain Damage after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Walter¹,

Schwarting

Plesnila³

et al. 2020

Neurotrauma Reports

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“…For instance, E2 dramatically reduces brain infarction volume after stroke (Groger & Plesnila, 2014), and through inhibiting NMDA receptors, it attenuates death of hippocampal neurons caused by quinolinic acid (Heron & Daya, 2001), NMDA (Park-Chung, Gibbs, & Farb, 1997), and glutamate (Hilton, Nunez, Bambrick, Thompson, & McCarthy, 2006). In addition to neuroprotection, E2 promotes recovery of neurological function from stroke (Groger & Plesnila, 2014), and reverses malfunction in synaptic plasticity by modulating NMDA receptors (Galvin & Ninan, 2014;Smith, Smith, Bredemann, & McMahon, 2016;Smith & McMahon, 2006;Snyder, Cooke, & Woolley, 2011). Therefore, we hypothesized that E2 might have therapeutic potential for TBI in both neuroprotection and recovery of neurological function.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

17β‐estradiol rescues damages following traumatic brain injury from molecule to behavior in mice

Jin

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health concern, and causes cognitive dysfunction, emotional disorders, and neurodegeration, as well. The currently available treatments are all symptom-oriented with unsatifying efficacy. It is highly demanded to understand its underlying mechanisms. Controlled cortical impact (CCI) was used to induce TBI in aged female mice subjected to ovariectomy. Brain damages were assessed with neurological severity score, brain infarction and edema. Morris water maze and elevated plus maze were applied to evaluate the levels of anxiety. Apoptosis in the hippocampus was assayed with Fluoro-Jade B staining and TUNEL staining. Western blot was employed to measure the expression of NMDA receptor subunits and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and biochemical assays were used to estimate oxidative stress. 17beta-Estradiol (E2) was intraperitoneally administered at 10-80 μg/kg once per day for 7 consecutive days before or after CCI. Chronic administration of E2 both before and immediately after CCI conferred neuroprotection, reducing neurological severity score, brain infarction, and edema in TBI mice. Additionally, E2 improved many aspects of deleterious effects of TBI on the hippocampus, including neuronal apoptosis, dysfunction in spatial memory, reduction in NR2B, enhancement of oxidative stress, and activation of ERK1/2 pathway. The present study provides clue for the notion that E2 has therapeutic potential for both prevention and intervention of TBI-induced brain damages.

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“…In short: the estrogen collaboration to TRT may help considerably in the adjustment of metabolic energy partition [ 3 , 9 , 18 ], which directly affects body fat stores [ 708 , 709 , 710 ], protects the heart [ 711 , 712 ], maintains muscle function [ 713 , 714 ], exerts neuro-protective effects [ 715 , 716 , 717 , 718 , 719 ] and regulates mitochondrial integrity and function [ 35 , 720 , 721 ], in part because of E2 anti-oxidative effects [ 35 , 722 , 723 ]. E2 is also necessary for spermatogenesis in the testes [ 724 , 725 ].…”

Section: The Use Of Androgens For the Treatment Of Functional Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health

Alemany

2022

IJMS

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Androgens are an important and diverse group of steroid hormone molecular species. They play varied functional roles, such as the control of metabolic energy fate and partition, the maintenance of skeletal and body protein and integrity and the development of brain capabilities and behavioral setup (including those factors defining maleness). In addition, androgens are the precursors of estrogens, with which they share an extensive control of the reproductive mechanisms (in both sexes). In this review, the types of androgens, their functions and signaling are tabulated and described, including some less-known functions. The close interrelationship between corticosteroids and androgens is also analyzed, centered in the adrenal cortex, together with the main feedback control systems of the hypothalamic–hypophysis–gonads axis, and its modulation by the metabolic environment, sex, age and health. Testosterone (T) is singled out because of its high synthesis rate and turnover, but also because age-related hypogonadism is a key signal for the biologically planned early obsolescence of men, and the delayed onset of a faster rate of functional losses in women after menopause. The close collaboration of T with estradiol (E2) active in the maintenance of body metabolic systems is also presented Their parallel insufficiency has been directly related to the ravages of senescence and the metabolic syndrome constellation of disorders. The clinical use of T to correct hypoandrogenism helps maintain the functionality of core metabolism, limiting excess fat deposition, sarcopenia and cognoscitive frailty (part of these effects are due to the E2 generated from T). The effectiveness of using lipophilic T esters for T replacement treatments is analyzed in depth, and the main problems derived from their application are discussed.

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The neuroprotective effect of 17β-estradiol is independent of its antioxidative properties

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of Organic Solvents on Secondary Brain Damage after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

Influence of Organic Solvents on Secondary Brain Damage after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury

17β‐estradiol rescues damages following traumatic brain injury from molecule to behavior in mice

The Roles of Androgens in Humans: Biology, Metabolic Regulation and Health

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