The Neuroprotective Effect of GM-1 Ganglioside on the Amyloid-Beta-Induced Oxidative Stress in PC-12 Cells Mediated by Nrf-2/ARE Signaling Pathway

Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates the inflammation induced by amyloid‑β by suppressing SphK1‑mediated NF‑κB activation in PC12 cells

“…Previous studies have reported the cell toxicity of Aβ 25-35 peptide (10–30 µM) in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells ( 30 – 32 ). Our previous study demonstrated that treatment with Aβ 25-35 peptide (10–30 µM) alone reduced the cell viability at 24, 48 and 72 h ( 22 ). Consistently, the present study demonstrated that Aβ 25-35 peptide administration contributed to a significant decrease of cell viability in the dose range of 10–30 µM at 24 h compared with the control group ( Fig.…”

“…For instance, PC12 cells are frequently used to study Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, as an in vitro model simulating aspects of AD ( 46 ). Our previous study revealed that the Aβ 25-35 peptide markedly contributed to severe apoptosis and oxidative stress in PC12 cells ( 22 ). A recent study also revealed that Aβ 25-35 administration enhanced apoptosis and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in an APP/presenilin 1 double-transgenic mouse model of AD and BV2 microglia cell line ( 47 ).…”

“…Experimental reagents. nGr1 (batch number B21099; purity ≥98%) was acquired from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology co., ltd. For cell treatment, nGr1 was dissolved in dMSo (MilliporeSigma) and diluted in cell culture medium to keep the DMSO content below 0.1% of the total volume of the cell culture medium The preparation of aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] (MilliporeSigma) has been described in our previous study (22). Briefly, Aβ [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] was first dissolved to a concentration of 1 mM in deionized water and then aged for 72 h at 37˚C in a humidified chamber to induce its aggregation.…”

“…TUNEL staining. a Tunel BrightGreen apoptosis detection kit (Vazyme Biotech co., ltd.) was used to detect apoptotic cells as described in our previous study (22). Briefly, PC12 cells were cultured on coverslips until they reached 70-80% confluence.…”

“…The scrambled si-control sequences were as follows: 5'-uuc ucc Gaa cGu Guc acG uTT-3' (sense) and 5'-acG uGa cac Guu cGG aGa aTT-3' (antisense). Transfection of Pc12 cells with the specific siRNA against SphK1 and scrambled si-Control was performed using lipofectamine ® 3000 reagent (invitrogen; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) in Opti-MEM (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) as described previously (22,29).…”