The neuroprotective effects of formononetin: Signaling pathways and molecular targets

Geng, Long-Mei; Jiang, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104911

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…The potential molecular targets and signaling pathways underlying neuroprotective effects of formononetin are briefly summarized in Figure 2 and Figure 3 , respectively. Actually, some signaling pathways modulated by formononetin had been summarized in a recent paper, which mainly focused on the biological mechanisms of formononetin at the molecular level ( Geng and Jiang, 2022 ). Our review primarily discussed the pharmacological effects and important pharmacological parameters of formononetin based on diseases, not just only signaling pathways.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, an urgent need to understand the neuropharmacological function of formononetin has emerged. Recently, a paper reviewed the signaling pathways under the neuroprotective effects of formononetin, which mainly focused on the molecular targets of formononetin ( Geng and Jiang, 2022 ). In this review, we primarily summarized the biological and pharmacological activities of formononetin in treating neurological disorders, that is, the therapeutic potential of formononetin in preclinical or clinical studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Focusing on Formononetin: Recent Perspectives for its Neuroprotective Potentials

2022

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Nervous system is the most complex system of the human body, hence, the neurological diseases often lack effective treatment strategies. Natural products have the potential to yield unique molecules and produce integrative and synergic effects compared to standard therapy. Mounting evidence has shown that isoflavonoids contained in traditional medicinal plant or dietary supplementation may play a crucial role in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases due to their pronounced biological activities correlating to nervous system. Formononetin, a non-steroidal isoflavonoid, is a bioactive constituent of numerous medicinal plants such as red clover (Trifolium pratense) and Astragalus membranaceus. Emerging evidence has shown that formononetin possesses considerable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-cancer effects. This review intends to analyze the neuropharmacological potential of formononetin on the therapy of nervous system disorders. The neuroprotective properties of formononetin are observed in multiple neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injury, anxiety, and depression. The beneficial effects of formononetin are achieved partially through attenuating neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via the related signaling pathway. Despite its evident effects in numerous preclinical studies, the definite role of formononetin on humans is still less known. More well-designed clinical trials are required to further confirm the neuroprotective efficacy and safety profile of formononetin before its application in clinic.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focusing on Formononetin: Recent Perspectives for its Neuroprotective Potentials

2022

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“…This mirrors previous observations from our group on biaryl syntheses via Suzuki−Miyaura couplings. 56,57 The MOM-ether in isoflavone 16bb 76 (entry 3) was cleaved under acidic conditions to furnish formononetin (6), 36 a phytoestrogen found in numerous plants 77 that was recently shown to have neuroprotective effects by preventing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in the nervous system 78 (Scheme 2). The coupling product of 14c and 15a (entry 4) is the natural product isoformononetin (5), which has been isolated inter alia from soybeans 79 and shows antiestrogenic activity.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling–Claisen Rearrangement–Cross-Metathesis Approach to Prenylated Isoflavones

et al. 2023

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Isoflavones were synthesized via Suzuki−Miyaura coupling of 3-iodochromones and para-methoxybenzene-and paraphenolboronic acid. In our hands, conditions commonly used for similar cross couplings turned out to be unsuccessful or difficult to reproduce, for example, due to the unplanned partial cleavage of MOM-protecting groups. Using Pd(dba) 2 as a precatalyst and tricyclohexylphosphine as an activating ligand, reliable cross-coupling conditions were identified. In all cases, notably higher yields of isoflavones were obtained with para-phenolboronic acid than with para-methoxybenzene boronic acid. This observation and the commercial availability of para-phenolboronic acid suggest that for the synthesis of the important 3′-prenyl-or 3′,5′-diprenylisoflavone substitution pattern a synthetic route that introduces the prenyl substituents after the Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling step, thereby avoiding laborious and protecting-group-intensive multistep syntheses of C-prenylated arene boronic acids, is advantageous.

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“…mongholicus or A. mem-branaceus ) [ 3 , 4 ] and red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) [ 5 , 6 ]. F and FG have many pharmacological effects; for example, antineoplasm [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ], antioxidation [ 10 ], anti-inflammation [ 11 , 12 ], neuroprotection [ 12 , 13 ], and blood-lipid regulation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Generally, the content of F and FG in TCM or biological samples is measured by liquid chromatography combined with absorbance and fluorescence or a mass spectrometry detector [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of the Mechanisms and Characteristics of Fluorescence Enhancement for the Detection of Formononetin and Ononin

Cao¹,

Li²,

Liu³

et al. 2023

Molecules

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In this work, the origins for the spectral difference between two isoflavones, formononetin (F) and ononin (FG), are revealed via a comparison study of the fluorescence molecular structure. The fluorescence enhancement of FG in hot alkaline conditions is reported for the first time. For F, there is almost no fluorescence under acidic conditions, but when the pH is >4.8, its fluorescence begins to increase due to the deprotonation of 7-OH. Under a pH between 9.3 and 12.0, the anionic form of F produces a strong and stable fluorescence. The fluorescence quantum yield (Yf) of F is measured to be 0.042. FG shows only weak fluorescence in aqueous solutions under a wide range of pH until it is placed in hot alkaline solutions, which is attributed to the cleavage reaction of the γ-pyrone ring in FG. The Yf of FG is determined to be 0.020. Based on the fluorescence sensitization methods of F and FG, the quantitative analysis and detection of two substances can be realized. The limit of the detections for F and FG are 2.60 ng·mL−1 and 9.30 ng·mL−1, respectively. The linear detection ranges of F and FG are 11.7~1860 ng·mL−1 and 14.6~2920 ng·mL−1, respectively. Although the structural relationship between F and FG is glycoside and aglycone, under hot alkaline conditions, the final products after the cleavage and hydrolysis reactions are essentially different. The different fluorescence characteristics between F and FG pave a way for further identification and a quantitative analysis of the corresponding components in Chinese herbal medicine.

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The neuroprotective effects of formononetin: Signaling pathways and molecular targets

Cited by 13 publications

References 68 publications

Focusing on Formononetin: Recent Perspectives for its Neuroprotective Potentials

Focusing on Formononetin: Recent Perspectives for its Neuroprotective Potentials

The Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling–Claisen Rearrangement–Cross-Metathesis Approach to Prenylated Isoflavones

A Study of the Mechanisms and Characteristics of Fluorescence Enhancement for the Detection of Formononetin and Ononin

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