The Neuroprotective Effects of Thymoquinone: A Review

Abstract

Thymoquinone (TQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, exhibited very useful biomedical effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anticancer, hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, and antiasthmatic effects. There are several studies about pharmacological activities of TQ but its neuroprotection effects are not fully described. The literature search has indicated many studies pertaining to the effects of TQ in neurological problems such as epilepsy, parkinsonism, anxiety, and improvement of learning and memory, and so on. In addition, TQ protected brain cells from various injuries due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects in cell line and experimental animal models. The present study has been designed to review the scientific literature about the pharmacological activities of TQ to the neurological diseases. This study purposed that although experimental studies indicated the beneficial effects of TQ against nervous system problems, better designed clinical trials in humans are needed to confirm these effects.

Metabolomics Analysis of Hippocampus and Cortex in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Subacute Phase

“…Additionally, lower betaine, trigonelline, and palmitoylcarnitine levels are detected in our results. They can regulate cellular function ( Dash et al, 2016 ), inflammation ( Farkhondeh et al, 2018 ; Mallah et al, 2019 ), and energy metabolism disorder ( Ojuka et al, 2016 ). To date, no studies have addressed the alterations of guanidinoethyl sulfonate, ecgonine, and 2′-deoxyinosinea during TBI.…”

The Potential Use of Plant Natural Products and Plant Extracts with Antioxidant Properties for the Prevention/Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: In Vitro, In Vivo and Clinical Trials

“…G2019S mutation-transfected SK-N-SH and cortical neurons, for example, showed increased viability when treated with piceatannol (phenolic found in grapes, passion fruit, white tea and Japanese knot [69]), thymoquinone (quinone active metabolite in Nigella sativa (black cumin [70]) and esculetin (coumarin found in bark of Cortex fraxini (traditional Chinese medicinal herb) [71]) [68] Figure 7. Compounds with both antioxidant and kinase inhibitory properties provide an added advantage when compared with single-target compounds, since they can hit two or more targets at the same time.…”

Nigella sativa and Thymoquinone: A Natural Blessing for Periodontal Therapy

“…Thus, the WHO has encouraged emerging countries to integrate the use of therapeutic plants as a supplementary resource to increase the effectiveness of the health care programs [ 1 , 2 ]. Among the evidence-based herbal remedies, highly ranked as a “miracle herb” is Nigella sativa (NS) [ 3 , 4 ] NS is a yearly blossoming plant from the family Ranunculaceae also known as black cumin, black seed, habbatul barakah, black caraway, kalojeera, kalonji or kalanji and is native to the southern regions of Asia and numerous countries in the Middle East and the Mediterranean region [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. In historic and traditional medicine, NS has been utilized for centuries for the treatment of numerous illnesses of the body and psyche.…”