The Neuropsychological Differentiation of Patients with Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease and/or Major Depression

desRosiers, Gabriel; Hodges, John R.; Berríos, Germán E.

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07402.x

Cited by 28 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 105 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[16][17][18][19][20] Although there are numerous tests for episodic memory, the KOLT is one that displays a normal distribution, shows no ceiling effect and has high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of mild Alzheimer's disease. 30 A limitation of this study is the lack of longitudinal data on cognition. Studies on APOE4 in elderly people may be affected by selective mortality, but the allelic frequency in our study was still around 18%, compared with nearly 20% in a Norwegian population study.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Apolipoprotein E 4 and impaired episodic memory in community-dwelling elderly people: a marked sex difference. The Hordaland Health Study

Lehmann¹

2006

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Among elderly people without dementia, the apolipoprotein E e4 allele (APOE4) has been associated with cognitive deficit, particularly in episodic memory, but few reports are available on whether this association differs by sex. Methods: In a community-dwelling Norwegian cohort of 2181 elderly people (55% women), aged 70-74 years, episodic memory was examined in relation to sex and APOE4 zygosity, with the Kendrick Object Learning Test (KOLT). Results: Possession of at least one APOE4 allele had a modest, detrimental effect on episodic memory in women, whereas in men, heterozygotes were unaffected and homozygotes had markedly lower scores across the distribution of KOLT scores. This sex difference was found consistently in all analyses: on comparing means and medians, examining trends across quintiles, and studying the distribution of scores and the risk of cognitive impairment. Results were broadly similar when adjusted for known determinants of cognition and also when severely impaired participants were excluded. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment in women was shown to be 1.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.1 to 2.8) for heterozygotes and 1.1 (0.3 to 3.7) for homozygotes; the adjusted OR in men was observed to be 1.1 (0.6 to 2.1) for heterozygotes and 10.7 (4.7 to 24) for homozygotes. Conclusions: Although the harmful effect of APOE4 on episodic memory was modest in women, the risk was found to occur in about 30%. APOE4 was observed to have a dramatic effect on episodic memory in men, but only in homozygotes, who comprised about 3% of men: the whole male homozygous group showed a marked shift to lower memory scores.

show abstract

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The KOLT has been validated for the detection of both mental impairment in old age 29 and mild Alzheimer's disease. 30 It has been widely used in Norway for 20 years.…”

Section: Cognitive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apolipoprotein E 4 and impaired episodic memory in community-dwelling elderly people: a marked sex difference. The Hordaland Health Study

Lehmann¹

2006

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, there are reports indicating that both immediate and delayed measures of memory can be employed to discriminate between AD patients and depressive patients (Desrosiers et al, 1995;Jones et al, 1992). In fact, a recent review by Wright & Persad (2007) reported that depressed patients are generally unimpaired in their ability to retain learned information and suggested that the differential diagnosis of AD patients should include visual recognition and visual-construction tasks.…”

Section: Differential Nvm Deficits In the Ad And Ud Groupsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Despite the fact that several studies have focused on NVM deficits in UD patients (for a review, see Cassens, Wolfe, & Zola, 1990), particularly on how complex visuospatial recognition and visual recall are impaired in UD (Beats, Sahakian, & Levy, 1996;Butters et al, 2004;ElderkinThompson et al, 2004;Elliot et al, 1996;Sweeney, Kmiec, & Kupfer, 2000), the extent of sensitivity of NVM tests as instruments for discriminating AD from UD is almost unknown (La Rue, D'Elia, Clark, Spar, & Jarvik, 1986;Swainson et al, 2001). The problem is compounded by the fact that NVM tasks vary considerably from study to study (Desrosiers, Hodges, & Berrios, 1995;Jones et al, 1992;Shuttleworth & Huber, 1989). For instance, previous studies have employed various types of stimuli, such as geometric figures or abstract designs, depending on the different criteria used for NVM test construction (for a review, see Moye, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Nonverbal Memory Tasks in Early Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Unipolar Depression

Contador

Fernández‐Calvo

Cacho

et al. 2010

Applied Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We examined whether there are selective deficits in early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 27) and in unipolar depression (UD; n = 17) patients on recall and recognition of spatial and visual components of nonverbal memory (NVM) and whether the two groups can be differentiated based on their performance on such tasks. We also investigated which NVM measures had the best discrimination power. We tested spatial, visuospatial, and visuoconstructive abilities in AD and UD patients. AD patients' scores on NVM tasks were significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (HS; n = 30) and consistently lower than those of the UD group. Z-scores suggested that AD patients suffered from a generalized impairment. Clear differences between AD and UD patients were found on abstract design tasks.

show abstract

“…When memory performance was compared between groups of patients with different brain disorders by means of the SRP, no differential deficits were found with the SRP scores, although differential memory deficits have been described with other memory tests (e.g. depression vs. dementia [27][28][29]; Alzheimer vs. multi-infarct dementia [26]). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychometric Analysis of the Selective Reminding Procedure in a Sample from the General Elderly Population

Burkart¹,

Heun²

2000

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The selective reminding procedure (SRP) has been proposed for the assessment of distinct aspects of episodic memory, i.e. storage to and retrieval from short-term and long-term memory, item learning and list learning, and as dementia screening tool. In the present study SRP results were analysed in 256 probands from the general elderly population. SRP scores were highly intercorrelated, and principal component analysis yielded only one single factor. The SRP scores were moderately and not differentially correlated with immediate and delayed free recall and recognition and with verbal fluency. All SRP scores discriminated nondemented probands with episodic long-term memory impairment from those without. The MMSE performed significantly better than any SRP score in detecting dementia. The theory-based assumption that the SRP allows assessment of different, independent aspects of memory could not be validated. It is suggested that the SRP is a mixed measure of semantic memory, episodic long-term and short-term memory, and working memory, and that the different SRP scores do not allow to assess different memory functions. Thus, the SRP may neither be recommended for assessment of different subfunctions of memory nor for dementia screening.

show abstract

The Neuropsychological Differentiation of Patients with Very Mild Alzheimer's Disease and/or Major Depression

Cited by 28 publications

References 105 publications

Apolipoprotein E 4 and impaired episodic memory in community-dwelling elderly people: a marked sex difference. The Hordaland Health Study

Apolipoprotein E 4 and impaired episodic memory in community-dwelling elderly people: a marked sex difference. The Hordaland Health Study

Nonverbal Memory Tasks in Early Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease and Unipolar Depression

Psychometric Analysis of the Selective Reminding Procedure in a Sample from the General Elderly Population

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About