The neuropsychological profile of children at high risk of developing an eating disorder

Kothari, Radha; Solmi, Francesca; Treasure, Janet; Micali, Nadia

doi:10.1017/s0033291712002188

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…We replicated associations identified in clinical studies between high IQ and AN [41, 42], in a community setting (women with lifetime AN-BP had a total IQ on average 5 points higher than women with no EDs). Whether the higher IQ observed is secondary to higher levels of perfectionism, or indeed indexes specific cognitive strengths requires further study and elucidation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of eating disorders amongst women in mid-life: a population-based study of diagnoses and risk factors

Micali

Martini

Thomas

et al. 2017

BMC Med

184

137

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BackgroundEating disorders (EDs) are common amongst women; however, no research has specifically investigated the lifetime/12-month prevalence of eating disorders amongst women in mid-life (i.e., fourth and fifth decade of life) and the relevant longitudinal risk factors. We aimed to investigate the lifetime and 12-month prevalence of EDs and lifetime health service use and to identify childhood, parenting, and personality risk factors.MethodsThis is a two-phase prevalence study, nested within an existing longitudinal community-based sample of women in mid-life. A total of 5658 women from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; enrolled 20 years earlier) participated. ED diagnoses were obtained using validated structured interviews. Weighted analyses were carried out accounting for the two-phase methodology to obtain prevalence figures and to carry out risk factor regression analyses.ResultsBy mid-life, 15.3% (95% confidence intervals, 13.5–17.4%) of women had met criteria for a lifetime ED. The 12-month prevalence of EDs was 3.6%. Childhood sexual abuse was prospectively associated with all binge/purge type disorders and an external locus of control was associated with binge-eating disorder. Better maternal care was protective for bulimia nervosa. Childhood life events and interpersonal sensitivity were associated with all EDs.ConclusionsBy mid-life a significant proportion of women will experience an ED, and few women accessed healthcare. Active EDs are common in mid-life, both due to new onset and chronic disorders. Increased awareness of the full spectrum of EDs in this stage of life and adequate service provision is important. This is the first study to investigate childhood and personality risk factors for full threshold and sub-threshold EDs and to identify common predictors for full and sub-threshold EDs. Further research should clarify the role of preventable risk factors on both full and sub-threshold EDs.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0766-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of eating disorders amongst women in mid-life: a population-based study of diagnoses and risk factors

Micali

Martini

Thomas

et al. 2017

BMC Med

184

137

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“…The role of impulsivity has been widely investigated in relation to BN (Favaro et al, 2004; Fischer, Smith, & Anderson, 2003); however, the same research has not been undertaken among individuals who purge only (Fink et al, 2009). Moreover, our results on the association between purging behaviours in adolescents girls and attentions problems in NFBC, also echo those of a recent study finding that only children at high risk of developing purging-type ED due to being born to mothers with lifetime purging behaviours showed poorer performance in a task measuring sustained attention, the primary neurocognitive deficit of ADHD (Kothari, 2012). Self-reported BN diagnosis was also predictive of inattention/hyperactivity in children at age 3 (Micali, Stahl, Treasure, & Simonoff, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community‐based cohorts

Solmi

Sonneville

Easter

et al. 2014

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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BackgroundThe comorbidity of purging behaviours, such as vomiting, inappropriate use of laxatives, diuretics or slimming medications, has been examined in literature. However, most studies do not include adolescents, individuals who purge in the absence of binge eating, or those purging at subclinical frequency. This study examines the prevalence of purging among 16-year-old girls across three countries and their association with substance use and psychological comorbidity.MethodsData were obtained by questionnaire in 3 population-based cohorts (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), United Kingdom, n = 1,608; Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), USA, n = 3,504; North Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC85/86), Finland, n = 2,306). Multivariate logistic regressions were employed to estimate associations between purging and outcomes. Four models were fit adjusting for binge eating and potential confounders of these associations.ResultsIn ALSPAC, 9.7% of girls reported purging in the 12-months prior to assessment, 7.3% in GUTS, and 3.5% in NFBC. In all 3 cohorts, purging was associated with adverse outcomes such as binge drinking (ALSPAC: odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4–2.9; GUTS: OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.5–4.0; NFBC: OR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0–2.8), drug use (ALSPAC: OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.8–4.7; GUTS: OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.8–7.3; NFBC: OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 2.6–6.6), depressive symptoms in ALSPAC (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.5–3.1) and GUTS(OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 2.2–6.3), and several psychopathology measures including clinical anxiety/depression in NFBC (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 3.9, 31.7).ConclusionsResults show a higher prevalence of purging behaviours among girls in the United Kingdom compared to those in the United States and Finland. Our findings support evidence highlighting that purging in adolescence is associated with negative outcomes, independent of its frequency and binge eating.

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“…For example, the offspring of mothers with a history of EDs can be studied. Indeed children (aged 8) of women with EDs performed poorly on a set shifting task although their IQ and working memory were above average (Kothari, Solmi, Treasure, & Micali, 2012). This finding is in line with other research in first-degree relatives (sisters, twins and parents) of people with EDs who also perform poorly on some set shifting tasks (Roberts, Tchanturia, & Treasure, 2010;Tenconi et al, 2010).…”

Section: From Correlates To Causal Factorssupporting

confidence: 88%

Moving to establish the mechanisms underpinning the biopsychiatric models of eating disorders with brain-based translational treatments: from paradigm clash to paradigm complementarity

Treasure

Cardi

Schmidt

2013

Advances in Eating Disorders

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The neuropsychological profile of children at high risk of developing an eating disorder

Abstract: Our findings suggest that high intelligence, increased WM capacity and impaired attentional control might be intermediate phenotypes on the pathway between genetic vulnerability and the development of an ED.

Cited by 46 publications

References 51 publications

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of eating disorders amongst women in mid-life: a population-based study of diagnoses and risk factors

Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of eating disorders amongst women in mid-life: a population-based study of diagnoses and risk factors

Prevalence of purging at age 16 and associations with negative outcomes among girls in three community‐based cohorts

Moving to establish the mechanisms underpinning the biopsychiatric models of eating disorders with brain-based translational treatments: from paradigm clash to paradigm complementarity

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